D.N.B. QUESTION BANK -TOPIC wise

D.N.B. OPHTHALMOLOGY THEORY TOPICS

DNB QUESTION BANK -TOPIC WISE

Index

1. Anatomy, Physiology & Biochemistry
2. Pharmacology
3. Pathology
4. Microbiology
5. Diagnostics
6. Conjunctiva
7. Cornea
8. Sclera
9. Lens
10. Glaucoma
11. Uvea
12. Retina & Vitreous
13. Lacrimal System
14. Lids
15. Orbit
16. Neuro Ophthalmology
17. Strabismus
18. Oncology
19. Trauma
20. Systemic Diseases
21. DD
22. Optics & Refraction
23. Community Ophthalmology
24. Miscellaneous

D.N.B. QUESTION BANK

BASIC SCIENCES:

ANATOMY

Extra ocular

1. Anatomy of lacrimal gland and nerve supply

2. Anatomy of upper lid

3. Anatomy of apex of orbit

4. Anatomy of cavernous sinus

5. Veins of the orbit

6. Anatomy and action of sympathetic Nerves of eye and orbit. Ocular manifestations of disturbance of system

7. Describe fascial planes with surgical spaces

8. Medial wall of orbit and its clinical importance

9. Superior Orbital Fissure

10. Orbital spaces and their surgical approaches

11. Bony orbit and its applied aspects

12. Methods of surgical approach for an orbital growth

13. Describe various openings in the orbit and clinical importance

14. Anatomy of septum orbitale - development and function

15. Paraorbital region with emphasis of surgical anatomy

16. Anatomy of nasociliary nerve

17. Blood supply of optic nerve head and intraorbital part of optic nerve

18. Course, relations and branches of ophthalmic Artery

19. Origin, course, relations of abducens nerve

20. Anatomy of Extraocular muscles

21. Superior oblique muscle

22. LPS attachments and insertion

23. Anatomy of the visual pathways - correlate the clinical picture produced by different lesions at different levels

24. Anatomy of Inferior Oblique - IO paralysis diagnosis

25. Anatomic relations of optic chiasma

26. Connections, relations and anatomy of ciliary ganglion

27. Nuclei of 3,4,6 cranial nerve anatomy and connections

28. Origin, course and relations of optic nerve

29. Blood supply of visual tract

30. Optic nerve anatomy

31. Anatomy of muscle cone

32. Describe check ligaments of eye with surgical importance

33. Describe behaviour of Optic Nerve head in injury

34. Anatomy of NLD and its blockage

35. LPS anatomy

36. IVth Nerve - anatomy and course

37. Innervation of intraocular and extra ocular - muscles / sympathetic nerve supply

38. Congenital musculofacial anomalies

39. Medial palpebral ligament

40. Development of the lacrimal system

41. Centres in the brain which control functions of the eye

42. How does trachoma after anatomy of lid

    

Intraocular

43. Structure and function of ciliary body

44. Ora Serrata of peripheral retina

45. Corneal endothelium

46. Anatomy of retina/ development and histological structure

47. Tenon’s capsule

48. Cup disc ratio

49. Surgical limbus

50. Electron microscopy of retinal cone

51. Vitreous hyalocytes

52. Composition of tear film

53. Electron Microscopy of rods

54. Structural variation in the AC angle

55. Capsule of lens

56. Trisome 23-21 in ocular disorders

57. Nanophthalmos

58. Anatomy of RPE and diagnosis of lesions

59. Anatomy of angle of AC - 2 syndromes

60. Coloboma Iridis

61. Gray line, Anatomic limbus, equator

62. Trabecular meshwork - microanatomy.

63. Differentiation of mesoderm which enters the 20 optic vesicle - clinical features of common developmental anomalies of the mesoderm.

64. Anatomy of canal of Schlemm

65. Histology of macular area

66. Structure of vitreous humor

67. Congenital defects of the iris

68. Anatomical basis of corneal sensitivity

69. Anatomy of crystalline lens - changes with old age

70. Congenital defects of ocular structures

71. Congenital defects of iris

PHYSIOLOGY

1. Normal conjunctival flare

2. Physiology of tears and role in dry eye syndrome

3. Protective mechanisms of the eye

Cornea

4. Discuss deturgencence of cornea

5. Factors affecting transparency of cornea

Acqueous 

6. Ocular rigidity

7. Blood acqueous barrier

8. Formation of acqueous humour/drainage of acqueous humor

9. Composition of acqueous humour and its clinical impression

10. Factors regulating the normal IOP

11. Control of acqueous formation (theories)

12. Action of drugs which influence IOP

1. Dipivefrin Hydrochloride

2. Thymoxamine

3. Betaxolol

4. Acetylcholine

5. Effect of parasympathetic drugs

6. Action of Diamox

7. Long acting Miotics

8. Side effects of Phospholine iodide

 

Others

 

9. Steroids in Ophthalmology

10. Oral hypoglycemic drugs ( mode of action, etc.)

11. Sodium chromoglycate

12. MK medium/likerol

13. Visco elastics in IOL implant surgery - types and uses

14. Ocular side effects of drugs for TB

15. Properties of fluorescein and ophthalmic use

16. Hyaluronidase

17. Ocuserts

18. Adverse ocular actions of oral contraceptives

19. Modes of drug delivery in Ophthalmology

20. Chloroquine toxicity

21. Merits and demerits of drugs in cataract surgery

22. Antimetobolites

23. Mydriatics

24. Immunosuppressives in Ophthalmology

25. Miotics with reference to management of squint

26. Indomethacin

PATHOLOGY

Extraocular

1. Papilloma

2. Meibomian gland carcinoma

3. HPE Rodent ulcer

4. HPE of chalazion

5. Path of tumours of lacrimal sac.

6. HPE of ocular dermoids

7. HPE of phlycten

8. HPE of vernal catarrh

9. Conjunctival Cytology in health and disease

10. Path of pterygium

11. Pathology of trachoma follicles

Anterior segment

12. Pannus formation

13. Refractive errors (Myopia, Hyperopia)

14. Arcus senilis

15. Histology of conjunctival xerosis

16. Pathogenesis of corneal graft rejection

17. Trabecular meshwork in the pathogenesis of glaucoma

18. Open angle glaucoma

19. Koeppe and Busacca nodules

20. HPE of absolute glaucoma

Posterior segment 

21. Dalen fuch’s nodule

22. Myopic chorioretinal degeneration

23. Pathogenesis of age-related cataract

24. CMV retinitis

25. Pathology of temporal arteritis

26. Pathogenesis of asteroid hyalitis

27. Path of toxoplasmosis

28. Path of posterior uveitis

29. Pathogenesis of Diabetic Retinopathy

30. Pathogenesis of atherosclerotic retinopathy

31. Disciform degeneration

32. Choroidal detachment.

33. Eales’ disease

34. Central Serous Retinopathy

35. Cystoid Macular Edema

36. Macular scar

37. Coat’s disease

38. Vasculitis Retinae

39. Retinitis Pigmentosa

40. Berlin’s edema

Tumours 

41. Meningioma

42. Describe several pathological changes seen on Optic Nerve Head

43. HPE of retinoblastoma

44. Malignant melanoma - Histo types + path.

45. Pathology of Optic Nerve tumours

46. Pathology of pseudotumour of orbit

47. HPE of pseudoglioma

48. Pigmented tumors of the eye

49. Dyktyoma

50. Flexner - Wintersteiner rosette

Miscellaneous

51. HLA antigens and eye

52. Radiation changes in the eye

53. Ocular changes in TB

54. Modern concepts of allergic reactions - role of allergy in ocular diseases

55. Pathology of ocular changes in Diabetes Mellitus

56. Thyroid exophthalmopathy

MICROBIOLOGY

Bacteria

 

1. Diplococci

2. Corynebacterium xerosis

3. Pneumococci

4. Morax-Axenfield Bacillus

5. Serological tests of syphilis

6. Bacillus pyocyanus (pseudomonas aeruginosa)

7. Lepra bacillus

8. Normal flora of healthy eye

9. Staphyloccoccus

10. Acid fast bacillus

11. Gonococcus and ocular manifestations

Viruses

12. ELISA Test

13. Molluscum contagiosum

14. Brief morphological features and ocular manifestations of viruses affecting the eye

15. Development of TRIC virus cycle

16. Herpes simplex Virus

17. Adenovirus

 

Miscellaneous

18. Toxoplasma gondii

19. Rhinosporidiosis

20. Morphology of common fungi affecting eye and the lesions

21. Parasites and pathological lesions in eye and orbit

22. Ocular myiasis

23. Arthus phenomenon

24. Sterilisation of instruments in the O.T.

25. Preoperative smear examination and its role

 

CLINICAL SCIENCES

OPTICS, REFRACTION & ORTHOPTICS

 

1. Normal AC/A ratio

2. Accommodation - abnormality & drugs affecting it

3. Insufficiency of accommodation

4. Estimation of AC/A ratio and its clinical significance

5. Correction of uniocular aphakia - advantages and disadvantages

6. Myopia

7. Anisometropia

8. Pathophysiology of common errors of refraction

9. Presbyopia

10. Optical defects of the normal eye

11. Investigations of eye strain

12. Horopter

13. Uses of prisms in Ophthalmology

14. Donder’s schematic eye/Reduced eye

15. Principle of retinoscopy and uses of plane mirror in ophthalmic practice

16. Toric transposition of lenses

17. Jackson’s Cross Cylinder

18. Sturms’s conoid

19. Aspheric lenses

20. Optics of low vision aids

21. Low vision aids in Macular degenerations

22. Verification of spectacles

23. Back vertex distance

24. Maddox Rod

25. Assessment of stereopsis in clinical practice

26. Bagolini striated glasses

 

SQUINT & CONTACT LENS

1. Accommodative squint

2. Management of Blepharospasm

3. Investigate & manage a case of strabismus

4. Duane’s retraction syndrome (Turk’s disease )

5. Occlusion therapy

6. Investigations and management of conocomitant esotropia

7. Management of amblyopia / experimental amblyopia (central lesions)

8. Signs, symptoms, investigations and treatment of Accommodative esotropia/Esotropia

9. Heterophoria

10. Importance of Hess Chart in diagnosis of ocular palsy

11. Eccentric fixation - treatment and prognosis

12. Pleoptics

13. Gaze movement and gaze palsy

14. Management of alternate convergent squint

15. Synoptophore

16. Surgery for vertical muscles in squint

17. Botulinum toxin treatment of eye muscle disorders

18. Management of exophoria/Types of Divergent Squint

19. Superior oblique sheath syndrome

20. Diagnosis of Inferior oblique paralysis

21. Defective elevation of one eye

22. Head postures in paralytic squint/management of paralytic squint

23. Diplopias

24. VI th cranial nerve palsy

25. Extended wear lenses

26. Monofixation syndrome (Microtropia)

27. Adjustable sutures in squint surgery - Advantages/disadvantages

28. Soft contact lens

29. Piggyback system of contact lens

30. Optics of contact lens

31. Hydrocurve contact lenses

32. Oxygen delivery through contact lens

 

NEURO-OPHTHALMOLOGY

Proptosis 

1. Management of exophthalmos

2. Causes, investigations and treatment of unilateral proptosis

3. Diagnosis and management of unilateral proptosis in children

4. Proptosis due to Intracranial lesions, How a field exam helps to locate the site of lesion/ocular signs

5. Pulsating exophthalmos

6. Rapidly progressive bilateral proptosis - D/D & Management

7. Venography in proptosis

8. Thyrotoxicosis (TRO) / Management of malignant exophthalmos/orbital decompression

Optic Nerve

9. Causes, investigations and management in Migraine - D/D

10. Optokinetic nystagmus

11. III Nerve palsy and investigations

12. Tolosa Hunt Syndrome

13. Cavernous sinus thrombosis

14. Pseudotumors of orbit

15. Ocular signs and symptoms in pituitary tumors

16. Craniopharyngioma

 

Orbit

1. Surgical management of shallow socket

2. Lateral orbitotomy - Indications/Steps

3. Rhabdomyosarcoma

4. Orbital spaces and surgical approaches

5. Enucleation - Indications/steps

6. Blowout fracture 

CORNEA, SCLERA & EXTERNAL DISEASES

 Infections

1. Viral keratitis 

2. Acanthamoeba keratitis

3. Disciform keratitis

4. Fungal keratitis (mycotic)

5. Management of corneal ulcer

6. Herpes simplex keratitis

 

Other lesions

7. Management of Alkali Burns

8. Stromal corneal dystrophies

9. Recurrent pterygium

10. D/D of limbal nodule

11. Cornea guttata

12. Hydrops

13. Terrien’s marginal degeneration

14. Retrocorneal membrane

15. Pannus

16. Corneal sensation disorders and management

17. Aetiology of corneal opacities and treatment

18. Corneal staining

19. Endothelial changes following intraocular surgery

20. Corneal blindness and rehabilitation in children

21. Corneal dystrophies / (Congenital Hereditary Endothelial Dystrophy)

22. Recurrent corneal erosions

23. Wilson’s disease

 

Surgery

24. Immunology & Pathology of corneal graft rejection

25. Thermokeratoplasty

26. Radial Keratotomy - indications and complications

27. Refractive keratoplasty

28. Epikeratophakia/glasses/ contact lens in correction of aphakia

29. Penetrating keratoplasty

30. Preservation of donor cornea

31. Lamellar keratoplasty

 

Conjunctiva/sclera

32. Vitamin A Deficiency

33. Endemic trachoma

34. Pterygium

35. Precancerous and malignant lesions of conjunctiva

36. Epidemic Keratoconjunctivitis

37. Giant pupillary conjunctivitis

38. Management of vernal conjunctivitis

39. Conjunctival Impression

UVEA

Anterior Uveitis 

 1. Acute anterior uveitis

2. Heterochromia iridis

3. Uveitis in white eye

4. Reiter’s disease

5. Diagnosis of leprotic Iridocyclitis

 

Posterior Uveitis

6. Toxoplasmosis

7. Panophthalmitis

8. Diagnosis of Sympathetic ophthalmia

9. Vogt Koyanagi harada syndrome

10. Presumed Ocular Histoplasmosis Syndrome

11. Hemorrhagic choroiditis

12. Acute Retinal Necrosis Syndrome

13. Herpes Zoster ophthalmicus & Management

14. Granulomatous uveitis

15. Cytomegalovirus retinitis

16. Uveomeningeal syndromes (VKH)

17. Parsplanitis

18. Central choroiditis

 

Miscellaneous

19. Immunosuppressive agents in Ophthalmology/Posterior Uveitis

20. Melanocytic lesions of the eye

21. Recurrent uveitis

22. Ocular fungal infections

23. Management of uveal melanoma/Diagnosis of Malignant melanoma

24. Etiology / clinical patterns, associated conditions in chronic uveitis

25. Ocular changes in syphilis

26. Ocular lesions in AIDS

 

LENS

Clinical Conditions

1. Complicated cataract

2. After cataract

3. Subluxated lens

4. Fabry’s disease

5. Rubella cataract

6. Macular function tests with interpretation

7. Role of trace metals in senile cataract

8. Diabetic cataract

9. Dermatologic cataract

10. Rosette cataract

 

Surgery

11. Surgical management of vitreous loss in ECCE

12. Cataract surgery- evolution

13. IOL complications/ Astigmatism in pseudophakos

14. Psuedophakic bullous keratopathy & Management

15. Aphakic bullous keratopathy

16. IOL in children

17. Secondary IOL

18. IOL power calculation

19. Peribulbar anesthesia v/s Retrobulbar anesthesia

20. Aphakic eye problems Vs. Pseudophakic eye

21. IOL for traumatic cataract

22. Phacoemulsification

23. Iridocapsular lens implant

24. Immediate postoperative complications of cataract surgery and treatment

25. Flat anterior chamber after cataract surgery and treatment

RETINA

Medical Retina

1. Diabetic manifestations in the eye 

2. Night blindness

3. Central serous retinopathy

4. Panretinal photocoagulation

5. Management of diabetic retinopathy

6. Macular degenerations

7. Temporal arteritis

8. Diabetic maculopathy

9. Circinate retinopathy

10. Macular scar

11. Causes of macular edema - Treatment

12. Pigmentation in the retina

13. Haemorrhages in the retina

14. Micro and macro aneurysms

15. Flashes of light as a symptom

16. Retinal neovascularisation and Management

17. Retinal vein occlusions

18. Heredomacular degenerations

19. Diagnosis of Cystoid macular edema

20. Retinal haemorrhage and management

21. Laser in ARMD/Diagnosis of ARMD

22. Pathogenesis of asteroid hyalitis

23. Sickling hemoglobinopathies and fundus changes

24. Electrodiagnostic procedures in childhood blindness

25. Nanophthalmos/mesodermal dysgenesis

26. Hypertensive retinopathy

27. Management - retinal vein thrombosis

28. Anatomy of macula with its clinical lesions

29. Roth spots in retina

30. Solar retinitis

31. Iris vascularisation and treatment

32. Differential diagnosis - cherry red spot

33. Toxemia of pregnancy

 

Surgical Retina

34. Management of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment / Features of Rhegmatogenous RD

35. Pneumoretinopexy

36. Cryosurgery in RD and glaucoma (diff. from laser)

37. Choroidal detachment

38. Distribution / frequency of retinal breaks

39. RD in myopia

40. Cryotherapy in retinal breaks

41. Lattice peripheral retinal degeneration - management

42. Retinal dialysis

43. Congenital retinoschisis

44. RD surgery

 

Vitreo-Retina 

45. Management of dislocated IOL in vitreous

46. Management of retained IOFB / complications/Macular FB

47. Recent trends in treatment of retinoblastoma

48. Pars plana lensectomy

49. Subhyaloid haemorrhage

50. Causes and management of postoperative enodphthalmitis/prevention

51. Keratoprosthesis

52. Technique and instrumentation for vitreous surgery and recent advances in vitreous surgery

53. LDH in retinoblastoma

54. Retinoblastoma (3 year old child) / chemotherapy

55. Giant retinal tears

56. Causes and management of organised vitreous haemorrhage

57. PHPV

58. Epiretinal membranes

59. Proliferative vitreoretinopathy

60. Postoperative complications of silicone oil

61. Genetics of retinoblastoma

62. Indications of Pars plana vitrectomy

63. Perfluorocarbon liquid in retinal surgery

TRAUMA 

1. Essay on ophthalmic emergencies

2. Spontaneous hyphaema

3. Blunt trauma/concussion injuries

4. Eye complications in head injuries

5. Management of total hyphaema

6. Ocular conditions of a child resulting from instrumental delivery/prolonged labour

 

DIAGNOSTICS 

 1. Ultrasonography

2. Ultrasound in treatment of ocular disorders

3. B Scan USG in anterior segment lesions

4. Various methods of localising IOFB

5. Methods of imaging the orbit

6. Vitreous fluorophotometry

7. Orbital calcification

8. Evaluation & Interpretation of FFA/Anterior segment FA

9. ERG/EOG/VEP

10. EMG in Ophthalmology

11. Fundus photography/ophthalmic photography

 

COMMUNITY OPHTHALMOLOGY 

 1. Keratomalacia

2. Eye Camps in India/objectives

3. School survey for ocular disorders

4. Evaluation of National Blindness Control Program (NGO, World Bank)

5. Corneal blindness and Eye Banks in India.

6. Causes of blindness in 1995. Which group has increased and why?

7. Newer advances in cataract surgery and cataract backlog in India.

8. Steps to reduce complications following eye surgery in an eye camp

9. Setting up a mobile ophthalmic van.

 

MISCELLANEOUS

Systemic Diseases

1. Ocular manifestations of leprosy with Management of eyelid involvement

2. Ocular manifestations of nutritional deficiency

3. Ocular manifestations of TB & diagnosis

4. Viral manifestations in the eye and management

5. Ocular manifestations of rheumatoid arthritis

6. Ocular reactions of psychoneurosis

7. Ocular manifestations in diseases of bone and plasma

8. Ocular manifestations of inborn errors of metabolism

9. Visual loss in hypertension

Blindness

10. Bilateral blindness in a 1 month old infant

11. Sudden loss of vision - old age, young age

12. Causes of sudden deterioration of vision in elderly and diagnosis

13. Visual standards for different occupations

14. Incurable blindness in elderly and rehabilitation

15. Industrial blindness

Miscellaneous 

16. Lasers in Ophthalmology - special reference to anterior segment disorders - IOP Dynamics & Yag Laser

17. Genetic counselling in myopia

18. Ocular neovascularisation

19. Fellow eye - value in diagnosis and management

20. Trisomy 13-21 in ocular disorders

21. Radiotherapy in orbital conditions

22. Radioisotopes in ophthalmology

23. Cautery in ophthalmology

24. Pediatric Ophthalmology

25. Ocular use of well tolerated foreign substances in surgery

26. Use of plastics in Ophthalmology

27. Preventive ophthalmology and medical practice

28. Tests to detect malingering