Question Bank for DNB Ophthalmology examinations
list of questions of D.N.B Ophthalmology exam- topic wise|
Anatomy, Physiology & Biochemistry Embryology
Cornea Uvea
Glaucoma
Lens
Retina
Pupil Visual
Pathway EOMs Binocular
Single Vision Conjunctiva Lacrimal
System Lids Circulation
Orbit Neuroanatomy General
Biochemistry
Pharmacology General
Anesthesia Mydriatics
& Cycloplegics Corticosteroids
Immune
Agents Antibiotics Anti-Fungals Antivirals Anti-Glaucoma
Drugs Antifibrotic
Agents Anti-VEGF
Viscoelastics
Botulinum Dyes
Glues
Miscellaneous
Pathology Microbiology Diagnostics
Sterilization
Miscellaneous
Immunology
Diagnostics Cornea
Glaucoma
Retina Imaging
Conjunctiva Conjunctivitis
Allergic
Disorders Trachoma
Pterygium
Miscellaneous
Cornea Immunology Dry
Eye Steven
Johnson Syndrome Infective
Keratitis General
Bacterial Keratitis Fungal
Keratitis Viral
Keratitis Herpes
Zoster Ophthalmicus Acanthamoeba
Miscellaneous Non-Infective
Keratitis Ectatic
Diseases Miscellaneous
Keratoplasty
Refractive
Surgery Stem
Cells Ocular
Surface Reconstruction
Sclera
|
Lens Cataract Secondary
Cataract Pediatric
Cataract Congenital
Anomalies Malpositioned
Lens Surgery Special
Situations Complications
of Cataract Surgery IOLs IOL
Power Calculation Miscellaneous
Glaucoma Clinical
Diagnosis Gonioscopy Tonometry Perimetry Other
Diagnostic Tests POAG NTG PACG Secondary
Glaucoma Pediatric Glaucoma Glaucoma
Surgery
Uvea Congenital
Anomalies Uveitis
General
Anterior Uveitis Intermediate
Uveitis Post
Uveitis VKH
Cysticercosis
Panuveitis
Endophthalmitis-Management
Miscellaneous
Retina & Vitreous Evaluation
Electrophysiology
Diabetic
Retinopathy Hypertensive
Retinopathy Vascular
Occlusions Retinopathy
of Prematurity Other
Vascular Disorders Neovascularization ARMD Macular
Hole Other
Macular Diseases Cystoid
Macular Edema Peripheral
Retinal Lesions Retinal
Detachment Vitreoretinal
Surgery Vitreous Miscellaneous
Lacrimal System
Lids
Orbit Proptosis Thyroid
Eye Disease Pseudotumor Other
Non-Infective Inflammatory Diseases Cavernous
Sinus Orbital
Cellulitis Congenital
Anomalies Orbital
Surgery Implants
Phacomatosis
|
Neuro-Ophthalmology Optic
Nerve Ischemia Optic
Neuritis Papilledema Visual
Pathway Disorders Amaurosis
fugax Cranial
Nerve Disorders Pupil
Gaze Disorders Amblyopia
Myasthenia
Miscellaneous
Strabismus Examination
& Investigations General Diplopia
Esotropia
Exotropia A-V
Strabismus DVD Paralytic
Strabismus Miscellaneous
Oncology Lid
Tumors Lacrimal
Tumors Uveal
Tumors Orbital
Tumours Retinoblastoma
Miscellaneous
Trauma General
Trauma IOFB
Hyphema
Chemical
Injury
Systemic Diseases
DD
Optics & Refraction Physical
Optics Prisms Vision
Assessment Colour
Vision Retinoscopy Myopia Hypermetropia
Aphakia
Astigmatism Accommodation & Convergence Spectacles
Contact
Lens Instruments Lasers Low
Vision Aids Miscellaneous
Community Ophthalmology Eye
Banking Eye
Camps Programs Vit
A Miscellaneous
Miscellaneous |
For D.N.B. OPHTHALMOLOGY THEORY PREPARATION TOPIC wise LIST
Click here =>
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Congenital disc anomalies
Ocular colobomata – congenital.
Cornea
Absence of Lymphatics in the eye and its effects. (2004)
Factors maintaining the transparency of cornea. (2000)
Physiology of corneal transparency: Factors responsible and theories.
(2008)
Discuss the deturgescence of Cornea.
Development of cornea.
Histology of cornea.
Corneal endothelium.
Describe the metabolism of cornea.
What are the factors responsible for the corneal transparency? Glucose
utilisation by cornea.
Uvea
Uvea- gross & microscopic anat.
Iris.
What is pupil? Trace the Pupillary
constrictor and Dilator fibres.
Functions of choroid.
Glaucoma
Describe the gross and micro-anatomy of angle of anterior chamber and development of structures framing angle of anterior chamber. (2008)
Describe anatomy of angle of anterior chamber of eye. (2009)
Anatomy of angle structure with diagram. (2009)
Angle of anterior chamber & drainage of aqueous humor.
Discuss the anatomy of the anterior chamber angle and describe the various methods of its examination.
Ultra structure of Trabecular mesh
work.
Canal of Schlemm.
Aqueous humor- formation &
circulation. Maintainance of IOP.
Aqueous humor- Composition &
its clinical importance.
Aqueous humor dynamics.
Blood-aqueous barrier.
Optic nerve head- Anat & blood
supply. Pathologic changes seen in optic nerve head.
Cilliary body.
Lens
|
Draw a slit lamp optical section diagram of the crystalline lens showing
the different nuclei and
zones. Also describe the implications of embryological development of
the capsule. (2011)
Lens anatomy. (2000)
Factors responsible for the transparency of the lens.
Physiology of lens, lens
nutrition, electrolyte balance of lens & pathology of cataract.
Discuss the metabolism of human lens.
Cataractogenesis.
Biochemical basis of Diabetic
cataract.
Metabolic basis of premature cataracts.
Retina
Draw diagram(s) depicting the anatomy of retina. (2009)
Name the layers of retina. Briefly outline the structure of retinal
receptor cells. (2006)
Nerve fibre arrangement in Retina. (1999)
Pigment epithelium and its importance in retinal integrity. (2000)
Give an account of the anatomy of retina. Add notes on:(a) Its development and (b) its histological structure. Normal fundus of eye
What is Macula Lutea? Give its
special features and the representation of the macular fibres in the calcarine
cortex
Ora Serrata.
Blood-retinal barrier
Bruch's membrane
Describe normal attachment of vitreous. (2009)
Discuss the anatomy and development of vitreous.
Composition ofl vitreous humor
Discuss physiology of visual perception. (2008)
Physiological Basis of Night Vision. (2005)
Physiology of Dark Adaptation. (2007)
Metabolism of retina
The electrical phenomena of the
eye.
Amacrine cells.
Visual pigments.
Types of cones in retina
Pupil
Pupillary reflex & accomodation
pathways. Abnormalities of pupillary reflex.
Functions of pupils.
Adie'e pupil
Wernicke’s heamianopic pupil.
Argyll Robertson pupil.
Describe the accomodation reflex
giving the receptors, neurons, centre and nuclei concerned with it.
Ciliary ganglion.
Visual Pathway
Optic nerve-Anatomy. Ophthalmoscopic features of Normal optic disc.
Optic nerve.
Visual pathways & cortex
Anat.Localsing signs of lesions
Give the blood supply to visual pathway.
Optic part of retina.
Receptor field of a Ganglion cell.
Edinger Westphal nucleus.
Describe the differences between
the supra and irtfra-geniculare lesions of the optic pathways.
Lateral Geniculate Body -
(Situation, neuronal arrangement and mode of termination of retinal fibres).
Wernicke's area.
Striate cortex.
Macular sparing.
Distiribution of macular fibres in
visual pathway.
EOMs & Motility
Control
Describe the surgical anatomy of extraocular muscles. (1999)
Attachments of extraocular muscles in relation
to its primary and secondary functions. (2000)
The nerve supply and actions of
the recti and oblique muscles of the eyeball
Superior oblique muscle
Saccadic eye movements.
Optokinetic Nystagmus.
Superior colliculus.
Retino hypothalamic tract.
Binocular single
vision
Binocular vision- Physiology
Role of corresponding points in visual perception
Panum's Area
Critical fusion frequency.
Depth perception
Monocular perception of depth.
Anamolous retinal correspondence
Microtropia
Conjunctiva
Tenons capsule.
Normal flora of the conjunctiva.
Goblet cells.
Lacrimal System
Lacrimal drainage system- Anat.
Anatomy of lacrimal gland and Its
nerve supply.
Lacrimal apparatus-Anat.Probing.
Lacrimal sac
Give the relations of the lacrimal
sac with applied importance.
Give the relations of the nasolacrimal duct is its development.
Naso-Lacrimal Duct.
Lacrimal gland.
Nerve supply of lacrimal gland.
Tear Film. (2000)
Discuss the Lacrimal drainage physiology. (2005)
Mechanism of drainge of tears, applied physiology of tear film.
Precorneal tear film.
Composition of tear film.
Immunoglobulins in human tears.
Lids
Levator palpebrae superioris-Anat.
Describe the anatomy of the upper eyelid.
Anatomy of the lid.
Give the layers of the upper eye
lid from superficial to deep in order.
Give the attachments, nerve supply
and functions of the various parts of the orbicularis oculi.
Blinking- physiological role. Complications of absence of
blinking.
Circulation
Ocular and orbital venous drainage. (2005)
Write down anterior and posterior ciliary circulation and depict it by
diagram. (2010)
Describe posterior ciliary circulation. (2009)
Blood Supply of Optic Nerve Head. (2007)
Describe the blood supply of optic nerve and its role in pathogenesis of
ischemic optic neuropathy. (2008)
Blood supply of the eyeball
Central Retinal artery
Describe the course, relations and
branches of Ophthalmic Artery.
Facial artery
Write in detail about the sinus venosus selerae.
Orbit
Describe the bones of the four walls of the orbit. Specify the weak
spots. (2011)
Anatomy of bony orbit.
Bony orbit. Lateral orbitotomy.
Lateral orbitotomy.
Various surgical approaches to
orbit.
Enumerate
orbital spaces. Write down 4 common tumors in the central space according to
its frequency. (2010)
Surgical spaces of Orbit. (2003)
Discuss the anatomy of orbital spaces and its clinical importance.
(2008)
Applied Anatomy of Cavernous Sinus. (2007)
Apex of the orbit- Anatomy.
Describe the anatomy of the
superior orbital fissure and discuss the lesions involving this area.
Give the boundaries, parts and
structures passing through the superior orbital fissure.
Describe the ethmoidal air sinuses with applied importance.
Describe the periosteum of the
orbit.
Orbital fascia.
Neuroanatomy
Draw
a labeled diagram of the vascular supply of the optic nerve and its
implications for papilloedema and ischaemic optic neuropathy. (2011)
Draw
a labeled diagram of the superior orbital fissure specifying the structures –
intraconal and extraconal. Enumerate signs of orbital apex syndrome. (2011)
Superior orbital fissure- Anat.
Give an account of the cavernous sinus, including Its connections.
Ciliary Ganglion - Situation and
connection.
Pretectal Nucleus - Situation and
connection.
Infra orbital nerve.
Neuronal pathways for control of eye movements.
General
Biochemistry
Galactosemia.
Galactose metabolism.
Sorbitol pathway.
Pharmacology
General
Drug delivery system in ophthalmology. (2004)
Write down factors affecting drug penetration through cornea. (2010)
Describe
the barriers to drug penetration in the cornea. Define partition coefficient.
Discuss the various factors affecting drug penetration through the cornea. (2011)
Drug penetration in ocular tissues. (1999)
Intraocular drug implants- principal, types, uses,disadvantages (2009)
Write down factors facilitating penetration of drugs through cornea. (2009)
Intravitreal drug administration. (1999)
Dosage and toxicity of Intravitreal drugs. (2003)
Retinal toxicity of antibiotics.
Ocular drug delivery systems.
Anesthesia
Describe the common agents and techniques for local anaesthesia for
cataract surgery and
their potential complications. (2011)
Peribulbar anesthesia. (1999)
Describe the early and late complications and peri and retrobulbar
infiltration anesthesia. (2002)
Peribulbar vs retrobulbar block.
Cataract surgery- use of anesthetic agents.
Local anaesthetics used in
ophthalmic procedures
Lignocaine.
Preanaesthetic medication
Neuroleptic analgesia
Mydriatics
& Cycloplegics
Write
down indications, contraindications, pharmacology , side effects of
cycloplegics commonly used in ophthalmology. (2010)
Classify the cycloplegic mydriatics
in Ophthalmology, describe the modes of action.
Mydriatics
Cycloplegics
Atropine
Ophthalmic use of Atropine substitutes
Tropicamde toxicity
Autonomic agents used in
ophthalmology.
Parasympatholytic drugs.
Corticosteroids
Name
few intraocular steroid implants approved by FDA and mention its indications,
contraindications and side effects. (2010)
Preparations, dosage, routes and indications of steroids in uveitis. (2008)
Describe side effects of steroids in the eye. (2008)
Indications, complications of intravitreal steroids. (2009)
Steroid Pulse therapy. (2003)
Discuss the pharmacology, uses and side effects of Topical steroids in Ophthalmology Steroids in Ophthalmology.
Immune
Agents
Various immunosuppressive used in resistant cases of posterior uveitis.
(2010)
What are biological immunosuppressive. Name few of them, as used in management of uveitis. (2009) Describe indication, contraindications, mechanism of action and complication of immunomodulatory agents in ophthalmology. (2008)
Use of immunosuppressive drugs in ophthalmology. (2002) (2000)
Immunosuppressive Agents. (2007)
Cyclosporin.
Antibiotics
Antibiotics used in Ophthalmology. (2003)
Fluoroquinolones in Ophthalmology. (2002)
Ciprofloxacin.
Gentamicin.
Topical use of sulfonamides.
Cephalosporins.
Bacterial drug resistance.
Antifungals
Antifungal drugs-Pharmacology.
Natamycin.
Antivirals
Describe
pharmacological properties, mechanism of action and side-effects of antiviral
drugs used in ophthalmology. (2009)
Treatment of Herpes simplex
kerato-conjunctivitis-Pharmacology.
Primary indcations for the use of antiviral drugs in ophthalmology.
Antiviral drugs.
Acyclovir.
Idoxuridine-Pharmacology.
Triflurothymidine-Pharmacology.
Anti-Glaucoma Drugs
Merits and demerits of various antiglaucoma drugs. (2000)
Discuss the role of Beta-blockers in glaucoma. (1999)
Timolol maleate.
Betaxolol.
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
Acetazolamide
Dorzolamide
Pilocarpine.
Pilocarpine ocusert
Prostaglandins in ophthalmology
Latanoprost
Aqueous
substitutes
Newer drugs in the treatment of open-angle glaucoma. (2000)
Role of newer drugs in management of glaucoma, and their benefit over
conventional drugs. (2003)
Dynamics and Pharmaco-Modulation of Uveo-Scleral Outflow. (2007)
Discuss
mechanism of action and side-effects of prostaglandins used in glaucoma,
compare the various prostaglandins currently in use for glaucoma management.
(2008)
Latanoprost. (2001)
Concept of Neuroprotection in Glaucoma. (2003)
Neuro-protectors in Ophthalmology. (2005)
Antifibrotic
Agents
Mitomycin-C. (2001)
Anti-VEGF
VEGF - Define, source in eye, their role in disease and their
modulation. (2008)
Viscoelastics
Viscoelastics:
Physical properties, classification, uses, side effects. Name some common ones
used in ophthalmic surgery. (2008)
Viscoelastics.
Botulinum
Uses of Botulinum toxin in ophthalmology. (2006) (2005) (1999)
Dyes
Describe
salient features of the various dyes used in ophthalmology. Give their
indications and complications. (2008)
Staining of Lens capsule. (2003)
Glues
Describe application of Cyano-acrylate tissue adhesive in ophthalmology.
(2002)
Describe efficacy of synthetic and biologic bioadhesives in
ophthalmology. (1999)
Miscellaneous
Role of anti-oxidants in ophthalmology. (2007)
Side Effects of a) Vitamin A b) MAO inhibitors. (2004)
Ocular effects of sildenafil (Viagra). (2001)
Non-steroidal anti-inflamatory agents
Flurbiprofen
Antihistamine agents useful in ophthalmology.
Sodium cromoglycate
Pathology
Fine needle aspiration biopsy in ophthalmology (2001)
Histopathology and
etiopathogenesis of Vernal Catarah. (2004)
Pathology of Trachoma-Pathology.
Microbiology and pathology of bacterial corneal ulcer. (2008)
Corynebacterium Xerosis-Pathology.
Fungal lesions of eye-Pathology.
Stromal Keratitis-Pathology
Fungal lesions of eye-Pathology.
Keratomycosis-Pathology.
Histopathology of corneal button received from advance keratoconus.
(2001)
Stromal corneal dystrophies-Pathology.
Calcific band
keratopathy-Pathology.
Discuss the immunological aspects
and pathology of corneal graft rejection-Pathology.
Bullous Keratopathy- pathology and measures to prevent it. (2007)
Describe the pathology of sympathetic ophthalmitis. Add a note
on cell mediated immunity. Dalen Fuchs Nodule.
Pseudo Exfoliative Syndrome- pathology, signs, complications &
management. (2007) (2004)
Vascular changes in the eye in diabetes-Pathology
Hypertensive retinopathy-Pathology
Classify lacrimal gland tumours
and describe its histopathology.
Chalazion-Pathology.
Thyroid myopathy- Pathology
Pathology of basal cell carcinoma
of eyelids
Benign tumours and tumour like
lesions of the eyelid-Pathology
Merkel cell carcinoma of eyelid-Pathology
Pathology, clinical features, diagnosis and management of lacrimal gland
tumors. (2008)
Pathology of choroidal melanoma. (2005)
Melanotic progonoma-Pathology
Describe the investigations,
pathology and management of orbital tumours.
Dermoid tumor-Pathology
Lymphoma-Pathology.
Microbiology
Diagnostics
Conjunctival Smear. (2001)
Antinuclear factor
ELISA.
Western blot test
Polymerase chain reaction
Sterilization
Method
of sterilization of (A) Linen, sharp instruments, blunt instruments, Diamond
knife. (B) Disinfection of operation theatre. (2003)
Microbiology and pathology of bacterial corneal ulcer. (2008)
Adeno virus-Microbiology.
Chlamydial
infections-Microbiology.
Pseudomonas
aeruginosa-Microbiology.
Corynebactorium
diphtheriae-Microbiology.
Culture characters of C.
Diphtheriae.
Lab diagnosis of Corynebacterium diphtheria.
Ziehl Neelson stain-Microbiology.
Acid fast staining.
Morax-Axenfeld Bacillus.
Moraxella-Microbiology.
Diphtheroids-Microbiology.
Keratomycosis-Microbiology.
Fusarium-Microbiology.
Nocardia-Microbiology.
Post-op endophthalmitis-
Microbiology.
Miscellaneous
Exotoxins
Structure of bacterial cell wall
Discuss in brief the morphological
features and ocular manifestasions of viruses affecting the eye.
Bacteriophage
Describe the morphology, cultural
characters and ocular manifestations of TRIC virus.
TRIC virus.
Discuss In detail about mycotic infections of the eye and
discuss the laboratory diagnosis.
Candidiasis.
Iatrogens in ophthalmology
Parasites in ophthalmology
Tapeworm infestation of the eye
Lab diagnosis of Wuchereria
Bancrofti
Loa Loa.
Guinea worm
Microfilaria
Rubella syndrome
Immunology
Immunological basis of ocular surface inflammation. (2005)
Enumerate important pro-inflammatory cytokines. What roles do they play
in ocular inflammation? (2011)
Anterior chamber associated immune deviation.
Discuss about immunopathology of the eye.
Discuss the Role of
immuno-suppressive agents in ophthalmology.
Immunosuppressants in
Ophthalmology
Pharmacological immunosuppression
in corneal graft failure
Anterior chamber associated immune deviation.
Mechanism of innate immunity.
Phagocytosis
Immunoglobulin M
IgA
Type III (immune complex) reaction
Delayed hypersensitivity
Anaphylactic type of hypersensitivity
Anaphylaxis
Diagnostics
Cornea
Confocal microscopy. (2005)
Examination of Corneal endothelium.
Corneal topography
Pachymetry.
Glaucoma
Define
pachymetry? What are various may of doing it. Describe the advantages and disadvantages
of each method. (2008)
Central Corneal Thickness. (2005)
Optical principles of Pachymeter. Types and uses
in ophthalmic practice. (2005)
|
Confocal laser ophthalmoscopy. |
(1999) |
Retina
Discuss the role of ultrasonography in ophthalmology. (2001) (1999)
B-Scan-Indications and utility. (2002)
Ultrasonic Bio-microscopy: Principles & Uses. (2005)
Role of Doppler in Ophthalmology. (2001)
Fluorescein angiography - principle and clinical application. (2008)
Fluorescein angiography. (2000)
Fluorescein Angiography defects. (2003)
Indocyanine angiography of retina. (2003) (2001) (1999)
Comment on Indo cyanine green (ICG) angiography
and its diagnostic use. (2005) (2002)
Role of OCT in ophthalmic practice. (2006) (2006)
Optical Coherence Tomography ( OCT). (2005)
Principle and Application of Optical Coherence. (2007)
Role of OCT in retinal disease, diagnosis and management. (2010)
What is ERG? Mention various types of ERG and
their uses in ophthalmology. (2010)
Imaging
Clinical uses of CT scan in ophthalmology. (2001)
Discuss the role of various imaging techniques in ophthalmic practice.
(2006)
Describe the uses of Ultrasonography in Ophthalmology.
Discuss the merits and demerits of non-invasive techniques in ophthalmology (ultra sound, CT, MRI, etc.).
Conjunctiva
Conjunctivitis
Classification of conjunctivitis and its management. (2009)
Write down clinical picture and management of epidemic keratoconjunctivitis. (2009)
Epidemic kerato conjunctivitis.
Viral conjunctivitis.
Adeno virus-Microbiology.
Discuss the differential diagnosis of chronic follicular conjunctivitis. (2006)
Acute follicular conjunctivitis.
Inclusion Conjunctivitis. (2004)
Membranous conjunctivitis.
Allergic Disorders
Histopathology and etiopathogenesis of Vernal Catarah. (2004)
IgE estimation in eye disorders. (1999)
Drugs Used in Allergic Conjunctivitis. (1999)
Discuss briefly the newer antiallergic drugs and their mechanism of
action. (2006)
Discuss management of spring catarrh with newer
drugs & their benefits over conventional drugs. (2002)
Vernal catarrh- Aetiology, treatment, signs, symptoms.
Trachoma
Discuss classification of trachoma and pathological changes seen in each
stage. (2008)
Clinical features, investigations treatment & prevention strategies
for trachoma. (2008)
Chlamydial infections-Microbiology.
Pathology of Trachoma-Pathology.
Cobble stone papillae.
Trachoma control programme.
Trachoma- Prophylaxis.
Pterygium
Pterygium. (2005)
Pterygium and its management. (2006) (2001)
Recurrent Pterygium. (2003) (2000)
Describe indications and methods of pterygium surgery. How to prevent
recurrence?(2009)
Miscellaneous
Differential
diagnosis of watering eye in the first week of life. List three common causes
of ophthalmia neonatorum indicating the time of onset and two characteristics
of each. Name the prophylactic agent. (2011)
Ophthalmia neonatorum.
Gonococcal infection of the eye.
Symblepharon.
Actinic Keratosis of conjunctiva.
Dermolipoma of conjunctiva.
Pannus.
Cornea
Dry Eye
Describe signs, symptoms and investigations in dry eye. (1999)
Describe the aetiology and management of Dry Eye.
Discuss diagnostic tests of dry eye.
Schirmer's test.
Pharmaco-therapeutics of Dry Eye. (2005)
Tear Substitutes.
Wetting agents and tear substitutes.
Management of dry eyes. (2001)
Steven Johnson
Syndrome
Give management of severe dry eye in a case of Steven Johnson syndrome. (2010)
Etiology and management of Steven Johnson's Syndrome. (2000)
Infective Keratitis
Describe the normal conjunctival flora. Discuss
the factors predisposing to corneal infection. (1999)
Management of corneal ulcer. (2009)
Different
clinical features of corneal ulcer due to bacterial, fungal or viral in a
tabular fashion. Name two pathogens. (2011)
Bacterial Keratitis
Microbiology and pathology of bacterial corneal ulcer. (2008)
Bacterial keratitis- diagnosis, management.
Gonococcus- cultural characterstics, morphology, staining properties, ocular lesions
Diplococci.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa-Microbiology.
Drugs effective in pseudomonas
infection.
Pneumococci.
Corynebactorium
diphtheriae-Microbiology.
Culture characters of C.
Diphtheriae.
Lab diagnosis of Corynebacterium diphtheria.
Corynebacterium Xerosis-Pathology.
Acid fast bacilli in eye diseases.
Ziehl Neelson stain-Microbiology.
Acid fast staining.
Morax-Axenfeld Bacillus.
Moraxella-Microbiology.
Diphtheroids-Microbiology.
Fungal Keratitis
Fungal keratitis. (2003) (2001)
Give clinical picture, complications and management of fungal CU. (2009)
Diagnosis and Management of Fungal Keratitis. (2007)
Etiology and management of fungal corneal ulcers. (1999)
Management of fungal corneal ulcer. (2002)
Surgical intervention in Keratomycosis. (2005)
Etiopathogenesis and current trends in management of fungal keratitis.
(2007)
Fungal lesions of eye-Pathology.
Keratomycosis-Microbiology.
Keratomycosis-Pathology.
Fusarium-Microbiology.
Fusarium-Microbiology.
Viral Keratitis
Viral infections of eye. (2000)
Herpes Simplex. (2001)
Dendritic Corneal ulcer. (2002)
Discuss the diagnosis, management and
complications of Viral Keratitis. (2006)
Etiology and management of viral corneal ulcers. (1999)
Recent advances in the management of viral keratitis. (2008)
Management of viral corneal ulcer. (2003)
Metaherpetic keratitis.
Stromal Keratitis-Pathology.
Describe the ocular
manifestations, clinical diagnosis, complications and management of Herpes
Simplex Keratitis.
Herpetic keratitis-Pathology.
HSV I-Microbiology.
Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus
Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus. (2004)
Corneal involvement and management of Herpes
Zoster Ophthalmicus. (2005)
Describe the clinical features and management of herpes zoster
ophthalmicus.
Varicella-zoster infection-
ophthalmic manifestations.
Acanthamoeba
Management of acanthamoeba keratitis. (2000)
Acanthamoeba keratitis. (2000) (2002) (2002)
Miscellaneous
What are the causes for non healing of the corneal ulcer.
Describe the management of non healing corneal ulcer.
Microbial stains used in
ophthalmology.
Nocardia-Microbiology.
Superficial keratitis-Pathology.
Non-Infective
Keratitis
Discuss the differential diagnosis of non ulcerative keratitis. (1999)
Causes and treatment of Interstitial keratitis. (2003)
Deep keratitis- causes. Interstitial keratitis- stages, c/f, t/t
Discuss etiology, clinical features and management of peripheral ulcerative keratitis. (2008)
Pathophysiology, clinical picture and management of Mooren's ulcer.
(2008) (1999)
Rosacea keratitis.
Neuroparalytic keratitis.
Exposure Keratitis.
Atheromatous ulcer.
Ectatic Diseases
Enumerate methods to prevent and treat keratoconus, giving indications
of each method. (2010)
Discuss keratoconus and its management. (2003)
Histopathology of corneal button received from advance keratoconus.
(2001)
Management of keratoconus. (2009)
Describe the recent methods for the treatment of
keratoconus. (2009)
Visual rehabilitation in keratoconus. (2008)
Management of Irregular Astigmatism in Keratoconus. (2005)
Contact lenses in keratoconus. (2001)
Keratoplasty
Discuss indications, usefulness and complications of large corneal grafts.
(2002)
Indications, usefulness and complications of small corneal grafts.
(2003)
Graft rejection. (1999)
Outline the recent advances in keratoplasty technique. (2006)
Describe the different types of lamellar keratoplasty procedures and two indications of each. (2011)
Lamellar Keratoplasty-types, indications and techniques. (2006)
What are the indications of DALK and enumerate various methods to do it. (2010)
Deep Lamellar Keratoplasty. (1999)
Deep lamellar endothelial keratoplasty- indications and steps of
surgery. (2008)
Therapeutic keratoplasty.
Discuss the immunological aspects and pathology of corneal graft rejection-Pathology.
Describe Corneal allograft
rejection and its management.
Corneal graft failure and graft rejection.
Regraft (Corneal).
Discuss Refractive Keratoplasty.
Refractive
Surgery
Corneal surgery for refractory errors. (2000)
Surgical correction of Myopia. (1999)
Corneal surgery in management of myopia. (2001)
Enlist the refractive corneal surgeries currently in practice.
Describe advantages and disadvantages of each method.
Non-laser refractive surgeries.
Discuss laser refractive corneal surgeries. (2000)
LASIK. (2004)
Enumerate the complications of LASIK surgery in a myope of -8 D
spherical in both eyes. (2009)
Discuss pre-operative evaluation required for LASIK refractive surgery.
(2006)
Discuss merits and demerits of LASIK versus PRK in management of myopia.
(1999)
Indications,
contraindications & complications of phakic IOL in the management of high
myopia. (2009) What are Intacs and the potential complications of Intacs. Also
name refractive surgery procedures for hyperopia. (2011)
Phototherapeutic keratectomy.
Epikeratophakia.
Stem
Cells
Role of stem cell in ophthalmology. (2009)
Discuss limbal stem cells. (2002)
Limbal
cell deficiency - Clinical entities, symptomatology and treatment. Briefly enumerate
stem of Stem cell transplantation. (1999)
Limbal cell transplantation. (2008)
Ocular
Surface Reconstruction
Role
of amniotic membrane in ophthalmic surgery. Describe one such surgery in
detail. What are the side effects of this technique?(2008)
Amniotic Membrane Transplantation. (2007) (2005)
Amniotic membrane and limbal stem cell transplantation. (2004)
Amniotic Membrane in Ophthalmology. (2005)
Keratoprostheses. (2001) (1999)
Miscellaneous
Describe
latest classification of corneal dystrophies. Describe clinical features of
three major corneal stromal dystrophies. How do you treat recurrent erosions by
them? (2011) Give the differential diagnosis of nodule at limbus and how to
manage it. (2005)
Write management of ocular surface disorders. (2003)
Management of persistent epithelial defect. (2005)
Corneal edema-causes and treatment. (2005)
Inherited disorders of Cornea.
B/L corneal opacities in infant- investigations.
Corneal Vascularisation.
Keratoconus.
Clinical features of keratoconus.
Keratoprosthesis.
Ocular surface disorder.
Describe clinical features and
management of ocular cicatricial pemphigoid.
Corneal dystrophy.
Corneal stromal dystrophies.
Stromal corneal dystrophies-Pathology.
Reis-Bucker dystrophy.
Corneal degeneration.
Recurrent pterygium.
Bullous Keratopathy.
Calcific band keratopathy-Pathology.
Tolosa-Hunt syndrome.
Sclera
Classification and brief clinicopathological profile of scleritis.
(2011)
Scleritis and its management. (2006)
Scleritis. (2004) (2003) (2001)
Investigations, etiology and management of a case of necrotizing
scleritis. (2009)
Nodular scleritis.
Posterior scleritis.
Lens
Cataract
Describe various risk factors in age related cataracts. (1999) (1999)
Etiopathogenesis of age related cataract. (2009) (2003)
Metabolic activities in crystalline lens and their role in causation of
senile cataract. (2008)
How will you grade the nucleus before phaco surgery?(2006)
Changes in Ocular Lens with aging.
Secondary
Cataract
Complicated cataract. (2000)
Sunflower cataract.
Concussion cat.
Radiation changes In eye.
Pediatric
Cataract
Management of unilateral congenital cataract in a 3 year old child and
its post-operative rehabilitation. (2010)
Management of unilateral congenital cataract in a 3 year child. (2009)
Congenital Cataract. Etiopathogenesis, types, management strategies and
prognosis. (2008)
Congenital cataract. (2003)
Problems of Pediatric Cataract Management. (2005)
Management modality of congenital cataract.
(2002)
Discuss management of a patient with bilateral congenital cataract. Outline the problems. (2006)
Lensectomy.
White reflex in a child- management of congenital cataract.
Congenital
Anomalies
Describe the congenital anomalies of crystalline lens & their
management. (2003)
Malpositioned
Lens
Name various systemic conditions associated with ectopia lentis. How
will you manage a
case of subluxated lens? (2011)
Discuss causes of ectopic lentis. (2002)
Causes and management of subluxated lens in a child. (2008)
Ectopia lentis- etiology, c/f, management.
Marfan's syndrome.
Surgery
Describe the evolution of cataract surgery from earlier times to the
present. (2003)
Cat surg- various modalities with special reference to
phacoemulsification.
ICCE- immediate & delayed complications, management.
Describe in detail steps of extracapsular cataract extraction
and add a note on post operative complications.
Merits and demerits of small incision Cataract Surgery and IOL. (2002)
Discuss the principles and techniques of small incision,
sutureless cataract surgery.
ECCE vs mannual-nonphaco-sutureless SICS with PCIOL. Steps to
prevent complications in SICS.
What are
the advantages & disadvantages of Phaco-emulsification compared to SICS and
MICS? Who invented Phaco-emulsification and couching? (2011) Phacoemulsification.
(2003) (2002)
Methods of nucleotomy in phacoemulsification. (1999)
Coaxial microphaco emulsification.
Phakonit. (2004)
Discuss the merits and dements of ECCE IOL versus
Phacoemulsification.
Discuss details of management of astigmatism at the time of cataract
surgery by phacoemulsification. (2006)
Describe the principles of achieving emmetropia in modern day cataract
surgery. (2003)
Secondary lens implantation. (2001)
Discuss
secondary intraocular lens implantation with a special reference to indications, techniques and complications.
(2000)
Adjuvants & newer materials in modern cataract surgery.
Corneal endothelial protection in
cat surgery.
Capsular tension ring.
Fluidics.
Special
Situations
Safe Cataract Surgery in Diabetes. (2005)
How will you manage Dislocated lens?(2002)
Management of Subluxated Crystalline Lens. (2009) (1999)
Enumerate
special precaution you will take while performing phacoemulsification in a
patient with age related cataract who has got poor endothelial count. (2009)
Complications
of Cataract Surgery
Do and don’ts in management of posterior dislocation of nucleus in phaco
surgery. (2010)
Proper management of posterior capsular rent in cataract surgery. (2009)
(2006)
Discuss management of dropped nucleus. (2006)
Bullous Keratopathy. (2001)
Bullous Keratopathy- pathology and measures to
prevent it. (2007)
Discuss etiopathology of Pseudophakic Bullous Keratopathy. (2000)
Write down the methods of prevention and management of pseudophakic
bullous keratopathy(2009)
Posterior capsular opacification. (2001)
Describe intraoperative and postoperative
methods to reduce posterior capsule opacifications. (2009)
IOL related complications in cat
surgery.
Post-op rise in IOP in cat
surgery.
IOLs
Foldable intraocular lenses. (2000)
Ideal intraocular Lens. (2005)
Hydrophobic v/s Hydrophilic IOLs. (2005)
Foldable intraocular lens implants. (2003) (2005)
|
IOL in Children. |
(2005) |
IOL in Children-Special Considerations. (2005)
Intra-ocular lenses-Present and future. (2003)
Recent advances in intra-ocular lenses. (2008)
Multifocal Intraocular Lenses. (2005)
Bifocal and multifocal intraocular lenses. (2000)
Describe advantages & disadvantages of multi-focal intraocular lens
implants. (2002)
Accomodative intraocular lenses(2009)
Phakic Intraocular Lenses. (2007) (2006)
Complications of Anterior Chamber IOLs.
IOL Power
Calculation
Intra-ocular lens power calculation . (2002) (2001) (1999)
Describe different formulae for biometry. (2006)
A scan biometry.
IOL power calculation.
Miscellaneous
True exfoliation of the lens. (2001)
Glaucoma
Clinical Diagnosis
Disc changes in glaucoma and their clinical significance. (2009) (2002)
Evaluation of disc & peripapillary region in primary open angle
glaucoma. (2008)
Cup-disc ratio.
Gonioscopy
Principles & types of gonioscopes. (2008)
Types of Goniolens. What role it has in
diagnosis and Management of type of glaucoma. (2005) Draw a labeled diagram of
the angle structures. Specify the grading by Spaeth’s method and RP centre
method for gonioscopy. (2011)
Tonometry
Tonometry- principles, various
kinds of tonometers, adv & disadv of each
Principles of Goldmann applanation tonometry. (2009)
Non-contact tonometer. (2003) (2001)
Principle of non-contact tonometry. (2005)
Dynamic contour tonometer. (2008)
Perimetry
Scotoma.
Perimetry
Bjerrum Screen
Give important points while analyzing given visual filed for glaucoma
and its limitations. (2010)
Field changes in open angle glaucoma. (2000)
Automated perimetry in glaucoma- types and their comparisons. (2006)
Pre-perimetric glaucoma diagnosis. (2005)
Describe the technique, interpretations and
recent advances in Automated perimetry. (2001)
Other Diagnostic
Tests
Recent advances in diagnosis and
management of Glaucoma.
Baseline Evaluation of open angle glaucoma
Glaucoma screening.
Describe the various investigative
procedures for Primary open angle glaucomas?
POAG- diagnosis of an early case.
Tonography
Oculography.
Ophthalmodynamometry
POAG
Describe modern methods for the diagnosis and management of primary open
angle glaucoma. (2009)
Pathology of GOA. (2004)
Risk Factors for Open Angle Glaucoma. (2007)
Target pressure in management of glaucoma. (2001)
POAG factors that help decide target intra ocular changes. (2005)
Medical vs surgical management of open angle glaucoma. (2002)
POAG- investigation of an early case, management
NTG
Discuss etiology, investigations and management of low tension glaucoma.
(1999)
Low tension glaucoma. (1999)
Ocular hypertension.
PACG
AIGS
classification and the management strategy for primary angle closure glaucoma
in a systemic manner. (2011)
Pathophysiology of primary angle closure glaucoma. (2009)
Describe the Aetiology and management of Acute Congestive
Glaucoma.
Angle closure glaucoma- diagnosis,
stages, management.
Management of acute attack of angle closure glaucoma. (2009)
Medical management of acute angle closure glaucoma. (1999)
Glaucomflecken.
Secondary Glaucoma
Lens induced glaucoma-types, diagnosis and principles of management.
(2006) (2003)
Phakolytic glaucoma
Pseudo Exfoliative Syndrome- pathology, signs, complications &
management. (2007) (2004)
Pseudoexfoliation glaucoma. (2004)
Pigmentary glaucoma. (2005)
Define malignant glaucoma. How will you diagnose and manage it? (2006)
Neovascular glaucoma : causes and management. (2000)
Management of neovascular glaucoma. (2010)
Pseudophakic glaucoma. (2001)
Glaucoma in aphakia. (2002)
Discuss post-traumatic glaucoma. (2002)
Posner-Schlossmann Syndrome (Glaucomato-cyclitic crisis). (2005)
Pediatric
Glaucoma
Bilateral Corneal Haze in Infancy. (2007)
Buphthalmos
- Clinical features, differential diagnosis, management. Outline steps of
surgical modality to treat the same. (2008)
Write down the clinical picture and management of congenital glaucoma. (2009)
(2002) (2000)
Management modality of congenital glaucoma. (2001)
Iridocorneal endothelial syndrome.
Glaucoma Surgery
Critically evaluate the external
fistulization operations of glaucoma.
What are the factors related to success or failure of glaucoma filtering surgery. Also give
indications of anti-metabolites. (2011)
Modifications on Trabeculectomy. (2005)
Role of Releasable Sutures. (2007)
Write down the common post-operative complication of trabeculectomy and
how to manage it. (2010)
Discuss the complications of filtration surgery. Enumerate factors responsible for failed filtration and how do you revive the failed bleb?
Pharmacological modulation of glaucoma surgery.
Antimetabolites in ophthalmology.
Mitomycin C in glaucoma filtering
surgery.
|
Anti-glaucoma Implants. (2007) | (2005)
(2004) (2003) (1999) |
Indications and limitations of anti-glaucoma implants. (2006)
Ahmed glaucoma valve. (2009)
Selective
laser trabeculoplasty: mechanism of action, technique, indications and effects.
Briefly compare with argon laser trabeculoplasty. (2008)
Laser Trabeculoplasty.
What are the applications of Lasers in the treatment of
glaucoma?
NPGS in glaucoma- steps of surgery, indications and limitations. (2008)
Visco canalostomy.
Uses of cryo.
Uvea
Congenital
Anomalies
Essential Iris atrophy. (2001)
Write briefly about Aniridia. (2006)
Uveitis
General
Immuno-pathological profile of non-granulomatous uveitis. (2010)
Uveitis- classification, C/F, complications, management.
Name the common syndromes that masquerade as anterior and posterior
uveitis and their
diagnostic tests. (2011)
Nodules of the iris. (2005)
Keratic precipitates.
Granulomatous uveitis.
Tuberculos iritis.
Uveitis in leprosy.
Hypopyon uveitis.
Pseudohypopyon.
Anterior Uveitis
Acute anterior uveitis. (1999)
Discuss diagnosis and management of acute iridocyclitis. (2000)
Management of acute anterior uveitis. (2009)
Etiology , clinical features and management of
Fuchs’ heterochromic uveitis. (2009) (2008)
Heterochromic iridocyclitis. (2000)
Clinical presentation and management of nephritic conditions causing
uveitis. (2008)
HLA-typing in ant uveitis.
JRA.
Masquerade syndrome.
Intermediate
Uveitis
Describe signs and symptoms, management of pars planitis. (2010)
Management of intermediate Uveitis. (1999)
Pars planitis. (2005) (2000) (1999)
Post Uveitis
Etiology, clinical features and treatment of ocular toxoplasmosis.
(2008)
Toxoplasma gondi.
Fundus picture of Eales disease. (2000)
Eale's dis
Clinical signs and treatment of acute retinal necrosis. (2008)
Describe retinal necrosis syndrome. (2003)
Management of CMV Retinitis. (2005)
Cytomegalovirus Retinitis - clinical features, management, prognosis.
(2008)
Coats Disease. (2005)
Sympathetic Ophthalmitis(2000)
Immunological Considerations in Sympathetic Ophthalmitis. (2007)
Describe the pathology of sympathetic ophthalmitis. Add a note
on cell mediated immunity.
Dalen Fuchs Nodule.
Macular choroiditis.
VKH
Vogt Koyanagi Harada's Syndrome. (2001)
VKH Syndrome. (2005)
Cysticercosis
Write down modern management of posterior segment intraocular
cysticercosis. (2010)
Clinical features and management of intraocular cysticercosis. (2008)
Cysticercosis and the eye. (2001)
Cysticercosis. (2005) (2003)
Panuveitis
Give the systemic associations of pan uveitis. (2003)
Endophthalmitis
Define
endophthalmitis. How will you diagnose and treat a case.
What are
the common organisms causing endophthalmitis after cataract? Describe the
principles of treatment. (2011)
Discuss management of endophthalmitis. (2002)
Investigations and diagnosis of endophthalmitis. (2004)
Discuss in detail how to collect vitreous sample
for microbiological studies in endophthalmitis. (2009)
Management of bacterial endophthalmitis. (2009)
What
are the diagnostic features of post operative infectious endophthalmitis.
Outline the principles of management. (2006)
Diagnosis of infectious post operative endophthalmitis. (2000) (1999)
Surgical of Post Surgical Endophthalmitis.
(2005)
Intravitreal injection in Endophthalmitis. (2001)
Clinical features, differential diagnosis and management of acute
post-operative endophthalmitis. (2008)
Prevention of post-op infection.
Post-op endophthalmitis- Microbiology.
Fungal endophthalmitis.
Suppurative endophthalmitis.
Management
Current concepts in management of uveitis. (1999)
Investigations of uveitis. (2003) (2003)
Uveitis- usefulness of lab investigations.
How will you investigate a case of uveitis?
Describe the investigations in
case of chronic uveitis. Describe the complications of chronic uveitis.
Enumerate the etiological factors
of Uveitis in paediatric age group. Discuss the office approach to diagnosis.
Miscellaneous
Immunology of uveitis.
Masquerade Syndrome. (2005)
Describe ocular onchocerciasis. (2002)
Endogenous uveitis. (2002)
Ocular ischemic syndrome. Describe clinical features, etiology,
differential diagnosis & management. (2008)
Retina & Vitreous
Evaluation
Discuss recent advances in assessment of retinal functions. (2003)
Describe the assessment of macular functions in case of opaque media.
(2002)
Electrophysiology
Describe electroretinography. (2009)
Uses of electroretinogram in Ophthalmology. (2003)
Write short note on Visual Evoked Potential. (2006) (2002)
Electronystagmography. (1999)
Diabetic
Retinopathy
Diabetic Retinopathy. (2002)
Pathogenesis of Diabetic retinopathy. (1999)
Classify diabetic retinopathy giving features of each category and
outline of management. (2011)
Describe the pathogenesis, classification, clinical picture and
treatment of diabetic retinopathy. (2000)
Role of glycosylated Hb,
blood pressure and blood cholesterol in prevention and management of diabetic
retinopathy(2009)
Classify diabetic retinopathy. How would you manage diabetic retinopathy
patient. (2003)
Management of proliferative diabetic retinopathy. (2000)
Medical Management of Diabetic Retinopathy. (2001)
Discuss the management of a
diabetic patient with evidence of proliferative diabetic retinopathy and
advanced cataract. (2006)
Discuss the Indications of
Vitrectomy in a Patient with Longstanding Diabetes Mellitus. How will you deal
with concurrent cataract?(2007)
Relevance of various clinical
trials in diabetes and eye-their contribution in current management of diabetes
complications in the eye. (2008)
Indications and contraindications of Intravitreal Avastin in PDR. (2010)
Classify diabetic macular
edema and methods to classify it and its clinical relevance. What is
magnification achieved by indirect ophthalmoscopy and 90 D biomicroscopic
examination and discuss advantages and indications of both the procedures.
(2010)
Write on diabetic maculopathy. (2003)
Define clinically significant
macular edema in diabetic retinopathy. Discuss its pathophysiology and
management. (2008)
Management of diffuse diabetic macular edema with visual acuity less
than 6/60 in both eyes. (2009)
Vascular changes in the eye in diabetes-Pathology
Hypertensive
Retinopathy
Hypertensive retinopathy. (2002)
Describe features of Hypertensive Retinopathy. (2009)
Classification of hypertensive retinopathy. (2000)
Pregnancy induced hypertension-ocular Changes. (2005)
Ocular changes in pregnancy induced hypertension. (2005)
Hypertensive retinopathy-Pathology
Vascular Occlusions
CRVO- Changing trends in management. (2005)
Discuss the management of central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO). (1999)
Write down management and complications of ischemic central retinal vein
occlusion. (2009)
Clinical signs and management of branch vein occlusions. (2010)
Management Of BRVO. (2009) (2005)
Types of retinal artery obstructions and its causes and management.
(2011)
Clinical picture, DD of diagnosis of CRAO. (2004)
Retinopathy
of Prematurity
Retinopathy of prematurity. (2006) (2000) (1999)
How is retinopathy of prematurity classified indicating the indications &
principles for therapy? (2011)
“Plus disease” in retinopathy of prematurity. (2000)
Management of retinopathy of prematurity. (2009) (2005)
What are the screening guidelines and
methodology of examination of retinopathy of prematurity?(2006)
Screening of a case of retinopathy of prematurity. (2009)
Other
Vascular Disorders
Roth's spots
Sickle cell retinopathy
Neovascularization
Etiopathogenesis of neovascularization of retina, its impact and
management. (2002)
Etiopathogenesis of neovascularization of iris, its impact and
management. (2001)
Rubeosis Iridis. (2004)
Neovascularisation- ocular conditions in which it occurs, its
significance, management
ARMD
Causes,
pathogenesis and principles of management of choroidal neovascular membrane
(CNVM). (2011)
Discuss etiology, diagnosis and management options in Age Related
Macular degeneration. (2002)
Age related Macular degeneration. (2003) (2001)
Clinical presentation and management of age
related macular degeneration. (1999)
S.R.N.V. (2002)
Describe MARINA & FOCUS Trails in the management of Wet ARMD. (2009)
Photodynamic therapy.
Macular
Hole
Macular Hole. (2001)
Macular
Hole-classifications, stages, etiopathologenesis. Briefly enumerate the various investigations to
confirm and prognosticate macular hole (2008)
Macular Hole-causes, diagnosis and management. (2006)
Diagnosis and management of idiopathic macular hole. (1999)
Management of Macular Hole. (2002) (1999)
Other Macular
Diseases
Recent advances in management of macular diseases. (2002)
Clinical presentation, diagnosis and management of central serous
retinopathy . (2000)
Clinical Picture of heredomacular degeneration
and its mode of inheritance. (2009)
Inherited macular disorders. (2002)
Abiotrophy of Retina. (2007)
Ocular side effects of systemically administered rugs used for malaria.
(2000)
Chloroquine Retinopathy. (2005)
Angiod streaks.
Epiretinal membranes.
Cellophane maculopathy.
Cystoid
Macular Edema
What are the causes of cystoid macular edema? How will you diagnose and manage
a case?(2006)
Cystoid macular edema: pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment. (2008)
Management of cystoid macular edema. (2005)
CSR & LASER
Peripheral
Retinal Lesions
Name the peripheral retinal degenerations and illustrate with diagrams.
(2006)
Describe
the predisposing peripheral retinal degenerations for retinal detachment and
give indications and methods of prophylaxis. (2011)
Discuss types and management of giant retinal tear. (2008)
Surgical management of giant retinal tears.
(1999)
Retinal
Detachment
Advantages and disadvantages of sclera buckling surgery versus pars
plana vitrectomy for RD. (2011)
Write
down the advantages and disadvantages of various methods of retinopexy like
laser and cryopexy. Write down how you are going to do. (2010)
Retinal Detachment. (2002)
RD- etiopathogenesis, principles of management
RD- surgical procedures
Proliferative vitreoretinopathy.
Classification of PVR. (2004)
Briefly describe the surgical anatomy of vitreous & its role in
pathogenesis of retinal detachment. (2006)
Anatomical and functional prognostic factors in
management of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. (2009)
Describe the technique and instrumenta-tion for Vitreous
surgery. Mention the recent advances in vitreous surgery.
Pneumatic Retinopexy.
SRF drainage.
Vitreous Replacement substances. Role of oils and gas in retinal
detachment management. Silicon oil.
Retinal dialysis.
Pseudophakic retinal detachment-
management
Exudative Retinal Detachment.
Vitreoretinal
Surgery
R.D. Surgery. (2002)
Pars plana vitrectomy. (2002) (1999)
Factors influencing sclerotomy, sites for vitrectomy. (2009)
Chemical
adjuvants, internal tamponading agents & sustained drug delivery device in
vitreo-retinal surgery. (2008)
Intraocular tamponade used in vitreoretinal surgery. (2009)
Use of intravitreal gases in retinal detachment surgery. (2000)
Complications of Silicon Oil and their
management. (2007)
Name various vitreous substitutes. Write about PFCLS (perfluorocarbon
liquids). (2006)
Discuss the role of liquid perfluorocarbons in vitreoretinal surgery.
(2004) (2003) (1999)
Pneumatic retinopexy-indications, Contraindications, steps of procedure
& Complications. (2003)
Pneumoretionpexy. (2005)
Principles of RD buckling surgery. (2009)
Transpupillary thermo therapy. (2003)
Macular Translocation. (2004)
Vitreous
Write short note on Asteroid hyalosis. (2006)
Asteroid hyalitis. (2000)
Discuss
the differential diagnosis of vitreous haemorrhage. Also discuss investigations
and management. (2008) (2002)
Management of vitreous Haemorrhage. (2005)
Vitreous detachments.
Miscellaneous
Investigations and management of
an elevated mass at the posterior pole of fundus.
Sudden loss of vn in adults.
Cherry red spot
Photopsia
Sub-hyaloid hemorrhage
Lacrimal System
Management of chronic dacryocystitis. (2000)
Causes of failure of dacryo-cysto-rhinostomy. Discuss the management of
failed DCR. (2008)
Management of failed DCR. (2000)
What
are the common causes of acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction? Describe
modalities of treatment. (2006)
Describe endonasal dacryocystectomy- advantages and limitations. (1999)
Clinical picture and management of congenital
epiphora. Indication for surgical intervention. (2009)
Land marks and complications of DCR surgery. (2003)
Complications of DCR Surgery. (2005)
Aetiology and management of congenital Dacryocystitis.
Congenital dacryocystitis
Dacryocele.
Dacryolith
Classify lacrimal gland tumours
and describe its histopathology.
Implants in lac sac surg
Dacryocystorhinostomy- principle
Endonasal DCR
Lids
Ectropion.
Aetiology of ectropion and its
correction.
Entropion- causes, management.
Management of ectropion lower lid. (2005)
Involution Entropion-Pathophysiology and Management. (2006)
Surg correction of spastic entropion.
Rhinosporidiosis. (2000)
Indications and procedure of paramedian tarsorrhaphy. (2003)
Distichiasis.
Telecanthus.
Chalazion-Pathology.
Ptosis
Classification of ptosis. Discuss the surgical management of ptosis.
Principles of ptosis Surgery. (1999)
Congenital ptosis
Surgical management of congenital ptosis. (2000)
Minimal ptosis procedures-indications, techniques and complications.
(2006)
Clinical features and management of complicated congenital ptosis.
(2008)
Mention the complications associated with ptosis surgery. How to prevent
them?(2006)
Indications and methods for frontalis sling surgery in ptosis. (2011)
Unilateral ptosis- causes, investigations, treatment
Marcus-Gunn jaw winking phenomenon
Lid colobomata. (1999)
Outline the principles of repair of lid colobomata. Illustrate with
diagram. (2006)
Discuss the various surgical procedures for the management of
defects in the eye lids.
Describe the principles of
ophthalmic plastic surgery and describe the procedure of correction or lid burn
injury due to Acid.
Orbit
Proptosis
Unilateral Proptosis in a 3 year old Child. (2005)
Proptosis in a Two-years-old child. (1999)
Evaluation of uniocular proptosis in a child. (2001)
Discuss differential diagnosis and management of proptosis in a seven
year old child. (2008)
Painful Proptosis. (2002)
Discuss the causes of Proptosis
due to intra cranial lesions? How a field examination is useful to locate the
site of lesion in such cases.
Proptosis- investigation in a case
Thyroid
Eye Disease
Clinical features and management of thyroid ophthalmopathy. (2009)
Thyroid related ophthalmopathy – clinical presentation and diagnosis.
(2006)
Ocular manifestations of thyroid dysfunctions. (2003)
Grading
and management of thyroid related ophthalmology. What is the role of surgery in
management? (2011)
Discuss mechanism and management of lid retraction in thyroid eye
disease. (2008)
Exophthalmos
Management of exophthalmos
Eye signs in thyroid dis
Dysthyroid orbitopathy
Thyroid myopathy- Pathology
Pseudotumor
Define & classify pseudotumor
of the orbit. Enumerate the clinical features, differential diagnosis of the
condition. Make a flow chart on management of a 55 year old presenting with
pseudotumor of right orbit. (2008)
Pseudotumor (IOID). (2004) (2000)
Other
Non-Infective Inflammatory Diseases
Tolosa Hunt Syndrome
Cavernous
Sinus
Cavernous sinus thrombosis-etiology, diagnosis and management. (2006)
(1999)
Etiopathogenesis of cavernous sinus thrombosis. (2005)
Clinical Features of Carotico-cavernous fistula. (2004)
Orbital
Cellulitis
Orbital Cellulitis. (1999)
Orbital mucormycosis.
LoaLoa.
Rhinosporodiosis.
Ocular myasis.
Congenital
Anomalies
Cryptophthalmos. (2000)
Orbital
Surgery
Name
different types of surgical approaches for orbitotomy and give the indications and contraindications. (2006)
Indications, procedures and complications of lateral orbitotomy. (2009)
(2002) (2002)
Indications and method of Trans-frontal Orbitotomy. (2001)
Implants
Development of different types of orbital implants. (2005)
Classification and management of contracted socket. (2007)
Phacomatosis
Von-Hippel-Lindau Syndrome. (2007) (2005)
Ocular Features of neurofibromatosis. (2005)
Name different oculo-muco-cutaneous disorder. (2006)
Define Phacomatosis. Enumerate the conditions included in this
group and discuss their clinical presentations.
Describe Ocular Manifestations and
management of Neurofibromatosis.
What is phacomatosis ? Describe in
detail the ocular lesions caused by them.
Phacomatosis.
Lisch nodules.
Sturge Weber Syndrome.
Neuro-Ophthalmology
Optic Nerve
Ischemia
Diagnosis and treatment of temporal arteritis. (1999)
Etiology, clinical picture and management of NAION. (2009)
Optic
Neuritis
Optic neuritis. (1999)
Signs, symptoms and diagnosis of papillitis. (2000)
Investigative profile in papillitis. (2002)
Papilledema
Papilledema. (2001)
Causes & recent advances in management of papilledema. (2008)
Pathology of papilledema. (2003)
Unilateral papilledema. (2000)
Optic nerve sheath decompression. (2000)
Visual
Pathway Disorders
Draw
a labeled diagram of the visual pathways indicating the lesions and their
causes at different levels. (2011)
Correlate the clinical features produced by lesions at different
levels of visual pathway.
in it?
Visual field defects in pituitary tumors. (2008)
Optic chiasma- Anat, lesions, field defects.
Bitemporal hemianopia.
Homonymous Hemlanopia.
Describe the circle of Willis and
its relations. What are the ocular lesions that may be produced by lesions?
Amaurosis
fugax
Transient loss of Vision. (2002)
Investigations of Amaurosis Fugax and management. (2005)
Cranial
Nerve Disorders
Acute onset IIIrd nerve Palsy. Etiopathogenesis, management,
differential diagnosis and prognosis. (2008)
Third Nerve Palsy. (2005)
Trigeminal Neuralgia. (2000)
Describe pathological sequelae of right lateral rectus muscle paralysis.
(2009)
Diagnosis and management of superior oblique palsy. (2003)
Pupil
Causes, differential diagnosis and clinical implications of anisocoria.
(2011)
Abnormal Pupillary reactions. (2003)
Unilateral dilatation of pupil. (2001)
Gaze Disorders
Discuss supra-nuclear control of eye movements. (2008)
Describe various etiological causes of horizontal gaze abnormalities.
(1999)
Differential diagnosis of vertical gaze
abnormality. (1999)
Internuclear Ophthalmoplegia. (2001)
Classify ophthalmoplegia. Discuss internuclear ophthalmoplegia. (2006)
Discuss nystagmus and its treatment. (2002)
Management of Congenital Nystagmus with Squint. (2007)
Amblyopia
Definition, causes, pathogenesis and classification of amblyopia. (2011)
Amblyopia - classification, etiopathology and management. Define its
role in blindness in our country. (2008)
Amblyopia- its types and management. (2006) (2000)
Amblyopia management. (2001)
Meridional amblyopia . (2002)
Strabismic amblyopia principles of management. (2005)
CAM VISION Stimulator . (2000)
Myasthenia
Investigations for myasthenia gravis. (2003)
Myasthenia gravis . (2005)
Miscellaneous
Localizing signs of Intra-Cranial tumors. (2003)
Clinical features, investigations & treatment in a case of
neuromyelitis optical ( Devic’s disease). (2003)
Strabismus
Examination
& Investigations
Cover test.
Hess screen.
Importance of Hess chart in diagnosing ocular palsy.
AC/A Ratio.
Binocular vision tests.
Bagolini's striated glass.
Maddox wing.
Maddox rod.
General
Orthophoria. (2005)
Management of Eccentric fixation. (2003)
Strabismus- investigation & managaement of a case
Phorias- types
Alternate squint- investigation
& management in a 5 yr old child
Heterophoria
Eccentic fixation.
Diplopia
Diplopia. (2005)
A 50-year old man comes with
sudden onset Diplopia. How do yon investigate the case and arrive at the
aetiology and diagnosis.
Diplopia- investigation &
management of a case
Uniocular diplopia
Esotropia
Esotropia- classification, detailed management
Esotropia in 2 a years old-Principles and Management. (2005)
Discuss management of congenital esotropia. (2002)
Convergent squint in a three years old child. (2001)
Management of accommodative esotropia. (2009)
Discuss the signs, symptoms, investigation and management of
accommodative esotropia.
What are
the features and differential diagnosis of infantile esotropia? When it should
be operated and its prognosis for binocular single vision (BSV)? (2011)
How will you investigate a case of Convergent Squint with Nystagmus.
(2006)
Concomitant esotroipa- investigation & management of a case
Concomitant squint- investigation
of a case
Intermittent esotropia
Exotropia
Give classification, clinical work up and management of primary
exodeviation. (2010)
Classification and management of primary divergent squint. (2009)
Management of Exotropia. (2005)
Alternate divergent squint
Exophoria
A-V
Strabismus
How
do you define A and V pattern in strabismus? How you will diagnose it and what
is its clinical significance? (2010)
A-V phenomenon in squint. (2003)
Principles of management of A-V pattern strabismus. (2008)
Discuss etiology, clinical features, investigations and management
(including surgical) of V-exotropia. (2002)
(1999)
V-exotropia. (2000) (1999)
A-exotropia, etiopathogenesis, clinical features and management. (2002)
(2001)
DVD
Dissociated vertical deviation -its. etiology , differential diagnosis,
clinical picture & management. (2002)
Paralytic
Strabismus
Diagnosis of paralytic squint. (2000)
Discuss investigations of concomitant squint. (2003) (2000)
Surgical management of paralytic squint. (2000)
Ocular investigations of paralytic squint.
Duane’s retraction syndrome. Classification, etiopathologenesis and
management. (2008)
Superior oblique sheath syndrome.
Miscellaneous
Investigations of a case of Abnormal Head Posture. (2005)
Faden procedure (Posterior Fixation Suture). (2005)
Penalisation
Red filter occlusion therapy in
squint.
Botulism toxin in the treatment of squint
Adjustable sutures in squint.
Oncology
Lid Tumors
Differential diagnosis of malignant lid tumors. (2009)
Clinical features, pathological features and treatment of meibomian
gland carcinoma. (2011)
Basal cell carcinoma of eye lid
Pathology of basal cell carcinoma
of eyelids
Benign tumours and tumour like
lesions of the eyelid-Pathology
Merkel cell carcinoma of
eyelid-Pathology
Classify lid tumors and describe
the management of mebomian adenocarcinoma of the upper lid.
Meibomian gland carcinoma
Lacrimal
Tumors
Pathology, clinical features, diagnosis and management of lacrimal gland
tumors. (2008)
Uveal
Tumors
Iris Cysts. (2001)
Management of malignant melanoma of choroid. (1999)
Pathology of choroidal melanoma. (2005)
Uveal melanomas
Melanotic progonoma-Pathology
Orbital
Tumours
Describe the investigations, pathology and management of orbital
tumours.
Orbital tumours in childhood-
etiology, classification, management.
Dermoid tumor-Pathology
Cavernous haemangioma of orbit
Phakomatous choristoma
Retinoblastoma
Discuss
the differential diagnosis of leukocoria in an eight months old child. Describe
in brief various modalities for treatment of retinoblastoma. (2003)
Write
down prevalence of various forms of retinoblastoma. How will you counsel a
parent with one child having a retinoblastoma? (2010)
Describe the common causes of leukocoria. What is retinoblastoma gene
and inheritance? (2011)
Genetics and inheritance of retinoblastoma.
(2009) (2006)
Genetic transmission and counseling in Retinoblastoma. (2005)
Pathological features and their significance in management of
retinoblastoma. (2009) (2008)
Radiological findings in Retinoblastoma. (1999)
Rossettes
Pseudoglioma
Recent trends in the treatment of
retinoblastoma
Miscellaneous
Ophthalmic childhood tumors.
Differential diagnosis of nodule
at limbus.
Lymphoma-Pathology.
Tumours of the optic nerve.
Rhabdomyosarcoma of extra ocular
muscle.
Meningioma.
Trauma
General
Trauma
Classify
ocular injuries. Outline the factors responsible for onset of sympathetic
ophthalmitis. (2006) Classify globe injuries and describe the injuries in the
anterior segment after a closed globe injury. (2011)
Closed Globe Injury-Classification and Management. (2006)
Discuss blow-out-fracture of the orbit. (2002)
Choroidal injuries in blunt ocular trauma. (2001)
Basic techniques of managing corneoscleral injury with vitreous
prolapse. (2009)
Perforating injury-Principles and Management. (2005)
IOFB
Localization, management & complications of retained intraocular copper
foreign body. (2008)
Diagnostic challenges of retained intraocular foreign body. (2005)
Localization of intraocular foreign body. (2000) (2000) (1999)
Give the clinical diagnosis of retained intraocular foreign body &
its management. (2003)
Siderosis
Bulbi - Clinical picture management of retained intraocular metallic foreign
body. Surgical steps of retained retinal foreign body removal. (2008)
Siderosis Bulbi. (2006)
Hyphema
What is
the treatment algorithm for hyphema indicating the role of hospitalization,
medical treatment and surgery? (2011)
Medical management of traumatic hyphema. Mention the indications of
surgical intervention?(2009)
Management of traumatic hyphema with secondary glaucoma. (2009)
Blood staining of the cornea. (2001)
Chemical
Injury
Ocular chemical burns. (2000)
Management of Chemical Burns of Eye. (2007)
Surgical management of chemical burns of eye.
(2001)
Write down acute management of alkali burns. (2009)
Discuss the recent trends in management of chemical burns. (2006)
Systemic Diseases
AIDS/HIV
Ocular manifestation of AIDS. Its differential diagnosis and treatment.
(2008)
Ophthalmic manifestations of AIDS and their management. (2006)
Describe the ophthalmic manifestations of HIV infection. (2007) (2004)
(2002) (2002)
TB
Ocular manifestations of TB. (2004)
Miscellaneous
Ocular involvement in Mucopolysaccharidosis. (2005)
Ocular manifestations in leprosy. (2003)
Ocular manifestations of sarcoidosis. (2009)
Describe clinical picture, management and sequelae of sarcoid uveitis.
(2009)
Pseudotumor Cerebri. (2005)
Benign intracranial tension. (2001)
Ocular manifestations of Demyelinating diseases. (2004)
Multiple
Sclerosis - Clinical features in ophthalmology. Also enumerate associated
systemic features. Discuss management and prognosis of the disease. (2008)
Ocular manifestations of High attitude. (2005)
Ocular manifestations of leukemia. Highlight the differential diagnosis
of each sign. (2008)
Alcoholism and Eye. (2007)
Connective tissue disorders and the eye
Collagen vascular diseases- ocular
manifestations
Reiter Syndrome.
Reiter's Disease.
Describe the systemic and ocular
manifestations of methyl alcohol toxicity and management.
Congenital Diseases
Write briefly about Aniridia. (2006)
DD
Give
differential diagnosis of leukocoria in children. Briefly outline the salient
diagnostic features of each condition. (2006)
Causes of glare and how to manage it. (2006)
Discuss the differential diagnosis of painful ophthalmoplegia in
a 40 year old woman.
Discuss the Differential diagnosis of sudden loss of vision.
U/L sudden visual loss- causes,
investigations, treatment.
Sudden blindness.
Optics & Refraction
Optics and uses of pinhole and stenopeic slit. (2002)
Draw the strum’s conoid indicating the cross sections at different
intervals, and the interval of
Strum giving its clinical applications. (2011)
Strum’s conoid- illustrate with diagram. (2005)
Optical Aberrations in human eye. (2004)
Optical defects of normal eye.
Chromatic aberration.
Refractive index.
Schematic eye.
Donders schematic eye.
Donder's reduced eye.
Colour constancy.
Hue discrimination.
Purkinje Sanson image.
Purkinje shift.
Retinal image.
Prisms
Use of prisms in ophthalmology. (2003) (1999)
Therapeutic uses of Prisms. (2001)
Fresnel’s Prisms. (2007)
Refraction through prisms.
Uses of prisms in ophthalmology.
Prism in Ophthalmology.
Notation of prism.
Vision
Assessment
Visual
acuity in pre verbal children - its relevance and methods of evaluation.
Clarify concept of critical period of visual development. (2008)
How will you assess visual acuity in infants and preschool children.
(2006) (2001)
Define Visual acuity. What are the factors affecting visual
acuity?
Snellen's chart
Contrast Sensitivity. (2009) (2008) (2004) (2003) (2002) (1999)
Macular function tests. (2009)
Tests for malingering.
Colour
Vision
Write a short note on color vision indicating
the cone pigments, the primary colors, the attributes of color and anomalies of
color vision. (2011) Colour vision. (2000)
Theories of colour vision. (2003)
Acquired colour deficiency. (2001)
Retinoscopy
Retinoscopy. (2000)
Astigmatic fan
Jackson's cross cylinder
Duochrome test
Myopia
Write various methods of correction of myopia and their advantages and
disadvantages. (2010)
Discuss treatment options in myopia. (2002)
Myopic Fundus. (2002)
Discuss Myopia with regard to types, functions, changes and management.
Pathological myopia- fundus
changes.
Pseudomyopia.
Hypermetropia
Symptoms, effects, diagnosis and management of Hypermetropia. (2003)
Correction of hypermetropia and presbyopia. (2008)
Discuss the various type of Hypermetropia and their correction.
Latent hypermetropia.
Aphakia
Problems of aphakic patient. (2002)
Disadvantages of Aphakic glasses. (2000)
Astigmatism
Symptoms, effects, diagnosis and management of Astigmatism. (2002)
Acquired astigmatism
Accommodation
& Convergence
Describe the principles of management of accommodation anomalies by surgery. (2011)
Define accommodation and convergences(2009)
Accommodation-convergence. (2000)
Define Accommodative
Convergence: Accommodation (AC : A) Ratio. What is the normal. Value and name
the methods to measure it?(2007)
Accomodation & its anomalies
Discuss factors involved in development of Presbyopia.
Presbyopia
Surgical correction of presbyopia
Progressive lenses
Tests for accomodation.
Spectacles
Centring & decentring of lenses
Insufficiency of spectacles
Verification of spectacles
Back vertex distance
Contact
Lens
Discuss the various types of contact
lenses and their merits and demerits.
Contact lens- optics, materials.
Contact lelnse- cosmetic.
Contact lenses- Rigid gas
permeable.
Contact lenses- soft.
Contact lenses- Disposable.
Extended wear contact lenses.
Contact lens fittings in (a) Aphakia (b) Keratoconus. (2003)
Contact lenses in astigmatism
Therapeutic Contact lens. (2005)
Give indications and fitting philosophies of therapeutic contact lenses.
(2006)
Prevention of HIV infection in contact lens practice. (2008)
Contact lenses- complications.
Orthokeratology contact lens.
Instruments
Enumerate various methods of
slit lamp examination and describe indications and procedures for specular
reflection. (2010)
Principles of direct Ophthalmoscope(2009)
Direct ophthalmoscope. (2001)
Classify diabetic macular edema and methods to classify it and its clinical relevance. What is magnification achieved by indirect ophthalmoscopy and 90 D biomicroscopic examination and discuss advantages and indications of both the procedures. (2010)
Draw optics of +90D biomicroscopy. How will you calculate the
magnifications? (2009)
Describe with Diagrams the optics of Indirect Ophthalmoscope. (2005)
(2004)
What are the pitfalls in auto-refraction and how to correct them. (2009)
Optics and clinical utility of keratometer. (2002)
Keratometer / Keratometery.
Retinoscopic refraction vs Auto-refractometer. (2002)
Describe with diagrams the optics of operating microscope. (2003)
Lensometer.
Lasers
Basic principles of LASER. (2003)
Coagulative lasers in ophthalmology. (2000)
Discuss ophthalmic Lasers and their indications. (2003) (2003)
Photoablation. (2000)
N:D Yag laser- Mechanism of working and its application. (2001)
Utility, Indications and management by Yag Laser. (2002)
Nd:YAG Laser capsulotomy- complications
Describe diode laser cyclophotocoagulation. (2009)
Diode laser.
Excimer laser.
Low Vision Aids
Optical and non - optical Aids in correction of low vision. (2008)
Low vision aids. (2005) (2002) (2000)
How do you prescribe low vision aids?(2002)
Visual Rehabilitation of Blind. (2005)
Visual Rehabilitation in Macular Pathology
Patients. (2005)
Miscellaneous
What is computer vision syndrome? Describe its causes and management.
(2010)
Malingering in relation to eye. (2001)
Discuss hysterical blindness and its management. (2008)
Eye strain. (2002)
Aniseikonia. (2004)
Describe optics of a pseudophakic eye. (2008)
Hyegine of vision
Community Ophthalmology
Eye
Banking
Eye
Banking - Define concepts. Discuss role of cornea preserving media. Describe
Strategies to improve corneal donation. Comment on current status of eye
banking in India. (2008)
Eye bank functions. Collection of
donor eyes. Methods of preservation.
Organizations and running of eye bank. (2000)
Eye donations and its importance. (2002)
Discuss the organization of an eye bank and its role in
management of corneal blindness.
Hospital cornea retrieval.
Eye donation.
Corneal preservation media. (1999)
Corneal Preservation. (2004) (2003)
Corneal blindness- causes & management. Pre-requisites for
arranging an eye bank.
Eye Camps
Briefly mention the causes of blindness in India. Discuss how to
organise an eye-camp for performing cataract surgery. Discuss in detail how
will you organise a eye camp and in particular prevention and management of
post operative
Inreach vs outreach progammes in blindness control- merits &
demerits.
Eye camps.
Objectives of eye camps.
Programs
Vision
2020
Vision 2020. (2006) (2003) (2001)
Aims and Objective of vision 2020. (2009) (2005)
What is Vision 2020 and right to sight? Discuss the action plan
in India to control blindness.
NPCB
National programme of control of blindness. (2003) (2002)
Write down constitution and functions of district eye relief society as mentioned in National
Program for Control of Blindness. (2010)
District blindness control society-composition and role. (1999)
District blindness control society.
Primary eye care services
General
Blindness- Defn. Strategies to combat blindness in India.
Cataract blindness in India & its control.
Enumerate the causes of preventable blindness In India. Outline the methods of prevention of blindness in rural India.
Role of community health centres
in blindness control.
Discuss about prevention of
corneal blindness.
NGOs & their role in blindness
prevention.
Prevalence of blindness in India.
Childhood ocular disorders- Strategies for prevention.
Communicable conjunctival dis.
Preventive measures.
Corneal blindness- prevention
strategies
Industrial blindness.
Legal blindness.
Ophthalmic ethics.
Preventable blindness.
WHO classification of blindness.
Vit A
Write short note on role of vitamin A in retinal function. (2006)
Xerophthalmia
– Etiopathogenesis, classification, management. Write measures to prevent the
disease from occurring in the siblings of the patient. (2008)
Vitamin A deficiency : ocular manifestations. (2000)
Vit-A prophylaxis programme. (2001)
Management of 9 months old child with grade IV PEM with bilateral
Xerophthalmia. (2009)
Miscellaneous
Visual
impairment classification by WHO. Briefly discuss common causes of visual
impairment in India and remedial steps. (2008)
Discuss causes and problems in management of childhood blindness. (2002)
Miscellaneous
Describe three most ophthalmic emergencies requiring immediate
management. (2009)
Transillumination - types and clinical application in ophthalmology.
(2008)
Transillumination of iris in eye diseases. (2005)
Ocular Headache. (2001)
Development of Electronic Eye. What are the limitations. (2005)
Atrophic Bulbi. (2006)
Causes and management of ocular hypotony. (2001)
Management of painful blind eye. (2003)
Radiation Hazards in the eye. (2001)
Sutures used in ophthalmology. (2001)
Discuss about ophthalmic emergencies.
Symptomatic disturbances of vision
Ocular neurosis
Ageing changes in the eye
Various ageing changes In eye
Discuss the protective mechanisms
of the eye.
Attic's syndrome.
Hassall-Henle bodies
Chloroma.
Eosinophilic cystadenoma
Ephelia.
Splendore Hoeppli Phenomenon
Paracentesis.
Genetics
HLA antigens and eye.
Describe the ocular manifestations
of hereditary and degenerative diseases.
Genetic counselling in Hereditary
Ophthalmic diseases
Mitochondrial inheritance.
Role of counselling in genetic and
hereditary ophthalmic diseases.
Ocular changes in chromosomal disorders.
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