Ophthalmology Notes @ OphthalNotes.blogspot.com

Ophthalmology Notes @ OphthalNotes.blogspot.com
A comprehensive collection of ophthalmology revision notes that cover a broad range of topics.
Showing posts with label EASY TO REMEMBER. Show all posts
Showing posts with label EASY TO REMEMBER. Show all posts

Types of Cataract associated with Systemic Conditions

Cataract types is an important topic in Ophthalmology. This article will enlist all the facts and related to cataract types with the morphologic appearance or the location of cataract (Nuclear, cortical, PSC).

P.S: This list is imp for NEET-PG as MCQs, also an important topic in medical school exams as cataract is often kept as a case presentation and cataract types are frequently asked in viva-voce.

let’s get on with the list!

Conditions

Type of cataract

Location of Cataract

Wilson’s Disease

Sunflower cataract

Anterior subcapsular

Atopic dermatitis

Shield cataract

Posterior subcapsular

Diabetes mellitus

Snowflake cataract
Snowstorm cataract

Cortical mainly

Galactosemia

Oil droplet

Chalcosis

Sunflower cataract

Myotonic dystrophy

Inverted Christmas tree cataract
Stellate cataract

Posterior subcapsular

Blunt trauma to eye

Rosette cataract
Vossius ring on anterior capsule

Posterior cortical

Congenital Rubella

Pearly lamellar cataract

Nuclear

Tetany
Hypoparathyroidism

Crystalline flaky opacities

Down’s syndrome

Blue dot cataract

Chromic anterior uveitis

Complicated cataract
Polychromatic lustre
Breadcrumb appearance

Posterior subcapsular

Steroid intake

Posterior subcapsular

Radiation exposure

Posterior subcapsular



Oil droplet cataract-Galactosemia



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Snow flake Cataract - True diabetic cataract




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Christmas tree cataract - Myotonic dystrophy





There are refractile intralenticular crystals, which are cholesterol deposits. They are referred to as Christmas tree decoration cataracts, and they are not associated with hypercholesterolemia. However, the term Christmas tree cataract is most commonly known to describe the characteristic cataract (polychromatic iridescent crystals) that develops in patients with myotonic dystrophy.

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Sunflower cataract- Wilson’s disease



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Complicated cataract- Posterior subcapsular




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Rosette Cataract -Traumatic origin.

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Cerulean (blue-dot) cataract -Down's syndrome.




Plz comment below if you find any more types...!

Nodules in Ophthalmology

NODULES in Ophthalmology

Bussaca’s nodule –

Inflammatory nodules in granulomatous uveitis over anterior surface of iris (REMEMBER _ BuSSacca nodules occur in iris Stroma – SS)

Koeppe’s nodule –

Inflammatory nodules in granulomatous uveitis over inner margin of iris. (REMEMBER – KoePPE nodules occur in Pupillary margin)

Dalen Fuch’s nodules

Granulomas between Bruch’s membrane and RPE (phagocytosed pigment) in sympathetic ophthalmitis

 

Horner Tranta’s Spots (nodule)

Discrete whitish raised dots in spring catarrh at limbus

Lisch nodule

Pigmented hamartomatous of dendritic melanocytes over the iris in neurofibromatosis.

Berlin Nodules

Occur in Sarcoidosis and are seen in the angle of anterior chamber during gonioscopy.


1. Bussaca’s nodule 

Inflammatory nodules over anterior surface of iris in GRAUNULOMMATOUS UVEITIS

2. Koeppe’s nodule 

Inflammatory nodules over inner margin of iris  in GRAUNULOMATOUS UVEITIS.

3. Dalen Fuch’s Nodule 

Granulomas between bruchs membrane and RPE (phagocytosed pigment) in SYMPATHETIC OPHTHALMITIS

4. Horner Tranta’s nodule

Discrete whitish raised dots at limbus in VKH -SPRING CATARRH 

5. Lisch nodule- 


Pigmented hamartomatous of dendritic melanocytes over the iris in NEUROFIBROMATOSIS

6.Berlin Nodules

abnormal white lesions on the peripheral iris at the iris–sclera junction (arrow).  closer gonioscopic look showing white nodules at the anterior chamber angle (arrow head) in SARCOIDOSIS



ASTRONOMICAL NOMENCLATURE IN OPHTHALMOLOGY

ASTRONOMICAL NOMENCLATURE

There are several signs and descriptions in Ophthalmology that are derived from astronomical names.
The following list is a collection of all such astronomical signs and descriptions in Ophthalmology.

ENTITY

DESCRIPTION

Sunset sign on slit lamp examination

Inferior subluxation of lens

Sunset sign on external examination

Sinking look of eyes in infantile hydrocephalus due to upgaze paresis

Satellite lesions on slit lamp examination

Dry looking corneal ulcer with satellite lesions in surrounding cornea in fungal keratitis

Satellite lesions on fundus examination

New active necrotising retinitis adjacent to old scars in toxoplasmosis

Asteroid hyalosis

Round yellow white calcium globules in vitreous

Sunburst lesion

Pigmented black patch in retina as seen in resolved haemorrhage

Macular star

Star shaped exudation around macula in hypertensive retinopathy, neuroretinitis, diabetes etc

Macular hole

Defect of foveal retina involving its full thickness

Pie in the sky

Superior quadrantanopsia in temporal lobe lesion

Telescopic Vision

also called Tunnel vision, seen in advanced filed loss as in Advanced Glaucoma, Retinitis pigmentosa


1. Sunset sign 

Inferior subluxation of lens

 
Sinking look of eyes in infantile hydrocephalus due to upgaze paresis


2. Satellite lesions- 

Dry looking corneal ulcer with satellite lesions in surrounding cornea in fungal keratitis. 



Newly active necrotising retinitis adjacent to old scars in toxoplasmosis.


3. Asteroid hyalosis- 


Round yellow white calcium globules in vitreous

4. Sunburst lesion- 

Pigmented black patch in retina as seen in resolved haemorrhage Sickle cell retinopathy



5. Macular star - 

Star shaped exudation around macula in hypertensive retinopathy, neuroretinitis, diabetes etc



6. Pie in the sky- 

Superior quadrantanopsia in temporal lobe lesion




7. Macular hole – 
Defect of foveal retina involving its full thickness


8. Telescopic Vision

Tunnel vision, seen in advanced filed loss as in Advanced Glaucoma, Retinitis pigmentosa