The signs of malignant hypertension are well summarized by the
Modified Scheie Classification of Hypertensive Retinopathy:
Grade 0: No changes
Grade 1: Barely detectable arterial narrowing
Grade 2: Obvious arterial narrowing with focal irregularities
Grade 3: Grade 2 plus retinal hemorrhages, exudates, cotton wool spots, or retinal edema
Grade 4: Grade 3 plus papilledema
signs of chronic arteriosclerotic hypertension- Scheie Classification
Stage 1: Widening of the arteriole reflex
Stage 2: Arteriovenous crossing sign
Stage 3: Copper-wire arteries (copper colored arteriole light reflex)
Stage 4: Silver-wire arteries (silver colored arteriole light reflex).
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