classification of hypertensive retinopathy by Wong and Mitchell in which the worsening grades of retinopathy were more strongly associated with systemic issues.[11] The classification is as follows:
None: no detectable signs
Mild: generalized arteriolar narrowing, focal arteriolar narrowing, arteriovenous nicking, opacity (“copper wiring”) of arteriolar wall or a combination of these signs
Moderate: hemorrhage (blot, dot, or flame-shaped), microaneurysm, cotton-wool spot, hard exudate, or a combination of these signs
Malignant: signs of moderate retinopathy plus swelling of the optic disk
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