SPOTS & DOTS in Ophthalmology

 

SPOTS & DOTS in Ophthalmology

1. Cherry red spot – 

Red colour of fovea contrast to the milky retinal odema seen in CRAO

2. Foster Fuchs spot - 

Myopic retinopathy (resolved haemorrhage & pigment)

3. Roth’s spot - 

Retinal haemorrhage with clear centre composed of coagulated fibrin including, inflammatory infiltrates, infectious organisms or neoplastic cells in SABE, anemia, leukemia

4. Elschnig spot- 

Yellow isolated area in retinal choriocapillary occlusion (choroidal infarcts)

5. Bitot’s spot - 

Keratinised superficial conjunctival spots in vitamin A deficiency (late stage)

6. Brush field spot - 

White or greyish brown spots on periphery of iris in Down syndrome

7. Fischer-Khunt spot - Senile scleral paque, area of hyalinised sclera anterior horizontal rectus muscle insertion, seen in old age

8. Gunn’s spot - 

Light reflections from internal limiting membrane around disc and macula

9. Kaye's spot - 

White punctate epithelial opacities anterior to suture line of corneal graft

10. Mittendorf spot - 

Anterior remnant of hyaloid artery at posterior surface of lens

11. Map dot fingerprint dystrophy- 

Corneal epithelial basement membrane dystrophy (multilamellar basement membrane)

Rings in ophthalmology

1-Ring Keratitis: The hallmark of Acanthamoeba keratitis.

2-Kayser-Fleischer’s ring: Wilson’s disease

3-Corneal rust ring: 

A small, reddish brown, circular opacity remained in the cornea after the removal of an iron foreign body.

4-Coats’ white ring: 

Remnants of a foreign body. The remnants are fine iron deposits in the cornea.

5-Fleischer’s ring: 

Visible all around the base of cone in Keratoconus

6-Pseudo-Fleischer’s ring: 

Iron deposition can be seen in Hyperopia LASIK correction

7-Soemmering’s ring: 

Early opacification of lens capsule after cataract extraction

8-Vossius’ ring: 

Iris Pigment on anterior lens capsule in concussion injury to eye

9-Weiss ring: 

Epipapillary glial tissue torn from the optic disc in Posterior vitreous detachment (PVD)

10-Double ring sign: 

With the peripheral margin of the encircling ring corresponding to the border of a normal-sized optic disc. Seen in Hypoplasia of the Optic Disc.

11- Golden Ring : 

A golden ring within the lens is evidence of successful delineation.

12-Intrastromal Corneal Ring Segments (ICRS):

are implanted in the deep corneal stroma to modify the corneal curvature. Used in keratoconus,PMD. 

13-Capsular tension rings (CTRs) :

were used for zonular reinforcement in eyes with a weak zonular apparatus, such as in pseudoexfoliation and Marfan's syndrome, and when zonular rupture or dehiscence occurs after blunt or surgical trauma.

14-Flieringa ring: 

A stainless steel ring sutured to the sclera to support the globe during difficult eye operations. used usually in corneal transplant surgeries 

15-Wessely immune ring: 

refers to the formation of a ring-shaped infiltrate in the corneal stroma that arises from a type 3 immune response involving antigen-antibody complex formation.