Ophthalmology KLE University Final Exam Questions
Source : 'Anonymous' Fellow Ophthalmologist doing masters
Anatomy
1. Describe microanatomy of retina and add a note on its development.(LQ)2. Labelled diagram of anatomical pathway of pupillary light reflex.(LQ)
3. Draw a diagram showing anatomy of human retina.
4. Describe anatomy of oculomotor nerve, add a note on its applied anatomy.(LQ)
5. Describe anatomy of angle of anterior chamber, diagram and associated congenital anomalies.(LQ)
6. Describe anatomy of angle of anterior chamber, optical principles of gonioscopy and its role in diagnosis of various ocular diseases.(LQ)
7. Blood supply of optic nerve head with diagram (LQ)
8. Anatomy of orbital apex with special reference to SOF (LQ)
9. Surgical spaces of orbit.
10.Applied anatomy of SOF.
11.Orbital spaces and clinical significance.
12.Anatomy of medial wall of orbit in detail.
13.Anatomy of SOF and its applied anatomy.
14.Anatomy of bony orbit.
15.Labelled diagram of relations of cavernous sinus.
16.Anatomy of SOF.
17.Discuss with diagram visual pathway and blood supply.(LQ)
18.Describe microscopic and biomicroscopic anatomy of angle of AC.(LQ)
19.Anatomy and relations of cavernous sinus and its clinical importance.(LQ)
20.Draw a labelled diagram and describe structures of upper eyelid.(LQ)
21.Draw a diagram of lacrimal encretory
22.Describe in brief blood aqueous barrier with diagram.
23.Anatomy of Inferior oblique.
24.Anatomy of optic chiasma and field changes in chiasmal lesions.(LQ)
25.Anatomy of cornea and its implications in various refractive surgeries of cornea.(LQ)
26.Describe anatomy of oculomotor nerve.(LQ)
27.Extraocular muscles.
28.Anatomy,relations and lesions of optic chiasma.(LQ)
29.Eyelid anatomy with diagram.
30.Anatomy of EOM and their actions ,Describe factors required to maintain IOP,Name various tonometers.(LQ)
31.Describe anatomy and development of vitreous,various vitreous substitutes and their role in VR Sx.(LQ)
32.Factors maintaining IOP.
33.Describe oculomotor nerve.
34.Develomment,anatomy and cong. Disorders of AC.
35.Anatomy of the lids.
36.Circulation of optic disc.
37.Draw a diagram of circle of Willis.
38.Outline pupillary pathway.
39.Describe anatomy of Macula.
40.Anatomy of retina
41.Anatomy of iris and its function.
42.Describe EOM and their actions.
43.Anatomy of anterior chamber.
44.Strumms conoid.
45.Pupillary pathway with diagram.
46.Histopathology of Retinoblastoma.
47.Anatomy of visual pathway, add a note on manifestations of chiasmal lesions. (LQ)
48.Uveoscleral outflow.
49.Optic nerve nad its blood supply.(LQ)
Physiology
1. Theories of color vision.2. Discuss the principles,procedures and application of electrophysiological studies in ophthalmology.(LQ)
3. Efferent pupillary defect.
4. Physiology of color vision and tests for color vision.
5. Describe retinal adaptation to dark and light.(LQ)
6. Aqeous humor formation.
7. Tests for color vision.
8. Discuss pupillary anomalies with regard to light pathway.(LQ)
9. Brief about photoreceptors.
10. ERG,EOG and dark adaptation.
11. Describe theories of color vision.describe merits and demerits of various tests for detection of color vision.(LQ)
12. Argyll-Robertson pupil.
13. Discuss mechanism of color vision.(LQ)
14. Illustrated account of visual pathway.(LQ)
15. Color vision.
16. Blood retinal barrier.
17. Dark adaptation.
18. Describe physiology of tear film and enumerate causes of dry eye.
19. VEP
20. Abnormal pupillary reactions.
21. Electrophysiological tests in Ophthal.
22. Grades of binocular vision.
23. Protective mechanism of eye.(LQ)
24. Physiological basis of color vision and its anomalies.(LQ)
25. RAPD.
26. Light reflex pathways. Discuss causes of anisocorea.
27. Discuss electrophysiological tests in Ophthal and there clinical application.
28. Tests for color vision.
29. What is AC/A ratio? What is its importance? Discuss briefly methods of measuring AC/A ratio.
30. A short note on light near dissociation and its etiology.
31. Write a short note on blood ocular barrier and its significance.
32. Development of binocular single vison.
33. Draw light reflex pathway.briefly discuss causes of anisocorea.
34. Describe precorneal tear film and its pathology.
35. Factors for corneal transparency.
36. Outline aqeous humor secretion.
37. Discuss chemical constituents of the lens.
38. Photochemistry of vision.
Refraction
1. Theories and anomalies of refraction.(LQ)2. Prisms in ophthalmology.
3. Dark adaptation.
4. Accommodative IOLs.
5. C/F and management of astigmatism.
6. Disposable contact lenses.
7. Pathological myopia.
8. Multifocal IOLs.
9. Myopia. Define pathological myopia and its treatment.(LQ)
10. Low vision aids.
11. Jacksons cross cylinder.
12. Contrast sensitivity.
13. Presbyopia.
14. Describe changes in lens during accommodation.
15. Define myopia. Various types and modalities of correction of myopia.(LQ)
16. Describe with diagram Gullstrands schematic eye.(LQ)
17. Optical principles of keratometry and its uses.
18. Optics of contact lenses.describe contraindication for their use.
19. How to calculate power of IOL.Describe various methods of doing it.
20. Correction of myopia.
21. Optics of contact lens.
22. Describe myopia in detail and its surgical management.(LQ)
23. Optics of autorefractometerin brief with diagram.
24. Illustrated account of Strums conoid.
25. Astigmatism.
26. Multifocal and progressive power spectacles.
27. Discuss the uses of slit lamp in examining the fundus.(LQ)
28. Principles of Retinoscopy.(LQ)
29. Cross cylinder.
30. Extended wear contact lenses.
31. Optics of specular microscopy.
32. Recent advances in management of presbyopia management without spectacles.
33. Post-op astigmatism.
34. Low visual aids.
35. Describe pathological myopia.(LQ)
36. Various types of astigmatism.
37. Duochrome test.
38. Strums conoid.
39. Reduced eye.
40. IOL power calculation.
41. Discuss theories of accommodation. Various anomalies of accommodation.(LQ)
42. Optical principles of astigmatism.
43. Draw an Aphakic schematic eye.
44. Problems of aphakic vision
45. Discuss various treatment modalities in a patient of 20 ears with high myopia.
46. Accommodative esotropia.
47. Prisms in Ophthalmology.
48. Dynamics of direct and indirect ophthalmoscopy with diagrams.(LQ)
49. Jacksons cross cylinder.
50. Therapeutic contact lenses.
51. Discuss retinoscopy with a note on transposition.
52. Discuss manifest hypermetropia.
53. Discuss rigid gas permeable contact lenses.
54. Define visual acuity,how do you assess it in children.
55. Principles of retinoscopy. Methods used for subjective verification of refraction.
56. Assessment of visual acuity in children.
57. Schematic eye.
58. Accommodation.
59. Light near dissociation.
60. Recent advances in surgical management of mypia.add a note on complications associated with surgical correction of myopia.
Pathology
1. Pathology of sympathetic ophthalmitis.
2. Pathology of retinoblastoma.
3. Pathology of corneal ulcer.
4. Pathology of malignant melanoma of uvea and its clinical significance.
5. Apoptosis.
6. Histopathology of sympathetic ophthalmitis.
7. Histopathology of pterygium.
8. Histopathology of retinoblastoma.
9. Histopathology of malignant melanoma.
10. Gonococcus.
11. Glycosylated Hb.
12. Histopathology of basal cell carcinoma.
13. Acanthomeba.
14. Inclusion bodies.
15. CD4 count and its significance in Ophthalmology.
16. Retinoblastoma.
17. Histopathology of rhabdomyosarcoma.
18. Histopathology of malignant melanoma of choroid.
Squint
1. Diagnosis and treatment of heterophoria.
2. Microtropia.
3. Diplopia charting.
4. Worth 4 dot test.
5. Congenital esotropia.
6. Etiology, clinical features, investigations and treatment of heterophoria.(LQ)
7. Convergence insufficiency.
8. Duans syndrome.
9. Cover tests for squint.
10. Management of concomitant convergent squint in a 3 year old child.
11. Microtropia
12. Concomitant strabismus.
13. Adjustable structures in squint surgeries.
14. Dissociated vertical deviation.
15. Classification of squint and management of esotropia.(LQ)
16. Evaluation and management of concomitant strabismus.(LQ)
17. Microtropia.
18. 4 year female with convergent squint,diagnosis and management.
19. Define herings and sherringtons law, define clinical charecteristics of paralytic squint and changes occur over a period of time.
20. Causes and management of amblyopia.
21. Discuss amblyopia and its treatment.(LQ)
22. Discuss development of binocular vision.(LQ)
23. Congenital esotropia.
24. Causes of childhood esotropia.how will you evaluate and manage a 4 year old child with esotropia.
25. Optokinetic nystagmus.
26. Anisometropic amblyopia.
Pediatric Ophthalmology
1. Discuss etiology,clinical presentation ,management of childhood proptosis.
2. Congenital cataract.
3. Classify congenital cataract and discuss its management.
4. Causes of unilateral proptosis in a child (LQ)
5. Retinopathy of prematurity (LQ)
6. Retinoblastoma.Genetics,pathophysiology, Clinical features, investigations and management.(LQ)
7. Leucocoria and its management.(LQ)
8. Differential diagnosis of leucocoria,Pathology,Clinical features and management of any one cause.(LQ)
9. Developmental cataract.
10. Pediatric visual acuity tests.
11. IOL in children.
12. Define amblyopia,describe its management.
13. Aphakic management in children.
14. Peters anomaly.
15. Crouzon syndrome.
16. Fixation reflexes.
17. Anisometropic amblyopia.
18. D/D of leucocoria in children.
19. Epicanthus.
20. Conservative management of Retinoblastoma.
21. Describe investigations and management of anterior uveitis in a young child.
22. Goldenhar syndrome.
23. Various types and characteristics of congenital Cataract.
24. Pediatric epiphora.
25. Investigation of a child with leucocoria.
26. Etiological and morphological classification of congenital cataract and its management.
Neuro-Ophthalmology
1. Hemianopia.
2. Traumatic optic neuropathy.
3. Temporal arteritis.
4. Papilloedema. Etiology,Pathology,clinical features and differential diagnosis.
5. Nystagmus.
6. Marcus-gunn pupil.
7. AION.
8. Cavernous sinus thrombosis.
9. Essential blepharospasm.
10. Afferent pupillary defect.
11. Horners syndrome.
12. Lebers hereditary optic neuropathy.
13. Bitemporal hemianopia.
14. Describe clinical findings of 3rd cranial nerve paralysis at different levels.(LQ)
15. Psudopapilloedema.
16. Clinical features and management of GCA.(LQ)
17. Benign essential blepharospasm.
18. Aberrant 3rd nerve.
19. Decrribe causes of bitemporal hemianopia.
20. Chiasmal lesion.
21. Clinical features of 4th nerve palsy.
22. Optic neuritis.
23. Neuroprotection.
24. Differential diagnosis of Labers hereditary optic neuropathy.
25. A short note on photochemistry of vision.
26. 4th nerve palsy.
27. A short note on homonymous hemianopia.
28. Discuss how to localise a lesion in case of occulomotor nerve palsy.(LQ)
29. Optokinetic nystagmus.
Lens
1. Cataract associated with systemic conditions.
2. Multifocal IOLs.
3. Accommodative IOLs.
4. Congenital anomalies of lens.
5. Metabolic cataract.
6. Phacoemulsification 08.
7. Discuss etiopathogenesis of senile cataract.(LQ)
8. Management of dropped nucleus.
9. Foldable IOLs.
10. Ectopia lentis.
11. Classify causes of cataract.Discuss various macular function tests.
12. Phacoprofile IOLs.
13. A short note on zonules.
14. Complicated cataract.
15. Zonular cataract.
16. Causes of subluxation of lens.
17. Management of complicated cataract.
18. Development of lens.(LQ)
19. Write a note on biochemistry of lens proteins and its importance in cataractogenesis.
20. Flake cataract.
21. Discuss corrective modalities of aphakia. What is anisometropia.
22. Describe your own plan to eliminate cataract backlog in your home state.
Orbit
1. Orbital cellulitis.
2. Blow out fracturs of orbit.
3. Orbitotomies.
4. Orbital implants.
5. Malignant exophthalmos.
6. Psudotumor of Orbit.
7. Brown syndrome.
8. Anatomy of bony Orbit.
9. Enophthalmos.
10. Aperts syndrome.
11. Tolosa hunt syndrome.
12. Invetigations in a case of enophthalmos.
13. Causes and management of bilateral enophthalmos.
14. How do you establish a diagnosis and offer a proper management of painful orbital swelling.
15. Evaluate and manage a patient with features of Orbital ?fractures.
16. Psudotumor of Orbit.(LQ)
17. Blow out fracture of Orbit floor.
18. Unilateral exophthalmos.
19. Orbitotomies.
20. Blow out fractures and their management.
21. Causes of bilateral proptosis.
22. Etiology, investigations, treatment of a adult patient with unilateral axial proptosis.
23. 50 year old patient with acute unilateral proptosis. discuss etiology.
24. Investigations in unilateral proptosis in a 6 year old child.(LQ)
25. Define orbital cellulitis. predisposing factor, clinical feature differential diagnosis, investigations and management.
26. Discuss orbital spaces and its clinical significance.
27. Microphthalmos.
28. Etiology,clinical features management of acute bacterial endophthalmitis.
29. Management of penetrating injury involving posterior segment of the eye.(LQ)
30. Mention different surgical approaches to the orbit.write in details about lateral orbitotomis.(LQ)
Lacrimal apparatus
1. Management of acute and chronic dacrocysitis.
2. Mucocele.
3. Lacrimal gland tumors.
4. Lacrimal gland adenocarcinoma.
5. Symptoms, signs and management of acute dacrocystitis.
6. Classify dacrocystitis. discuss management of a case of congenital dacrocystitis.
7. Congenital NLD obstruction.
8. Tumors of lacrimal gland and their management.
9. Dacribe etiopathogenesis,clinical features and treatment of chronic dacrocystitis.add a note on recent modifications in Surgery.
10. Acute dacrocystitis.
11. Pleomorphic adenoma of lacrimal gland.
12. Various methods of evaluating dry eye syndrome.
13. Causes, clinical features, diagnostic tests for Dry eyes.
14. Causes of watering from eye evaluation of a case of watering from eyes.
15. A short note on dacrocystorhinostomy.
Trauma
1. IOFB localisation.
2. Discuss effects of concussion injury to eye.(LQ)
3. Siderrosis.
4. Evaluation and management of orbital floor fractures.
5. Closed globe inuries.
6. Photic ocular injury.
7. Management of intraocular foreign body.
8. Ocular manifestations of blunt trauma.
9. Effects of various types of retained IOFB. Methods of localisation and management.
10. Sederrosis bulbi.
11. Classification of chemical burns of eyes.
12. Chemical injuries of the eye.
Systemic Ophthalmology
1. Lawrence-Moon-Bardet-Biedel syndrome.
2. Steven-Johnson syndrome.
3. Discuss ocular manifestations of haematological disorders.(LQ)
4. Describe odcular manifestations and management of Graves disease.(LQ)
5. Sturge weber syndrome.
6. Vitamin A.
7. Eye changes in thyroid disease.
8. Describe ocular lesions in sarcoidosis.(LQ)
9. Etiology, clinical features, management of dysthyroid ophthalmopathy.(LQ)
10. Etiology, clinical features, management of ocular myasthenia.(LQ)
11. Ophthalmic manifestations of pitutory tumors.
12. Ocular cysticercosis.
13. Thyroid related opthalmopathy.
14. Discuss diagnosis and management of Post-op endophthalmitis.(LQ)
15. Describe ocular manifestations of thyroid disease and discuss management of proptosis due to thyroid.(LQ)
16. Ocular manifestations of Behcets disease.
17. Discuss pathogenesis, ocular manifestations diagnosis of Myasthenia Gravis.(LQ)
18. Ocular manifestations of HIV (LQ)
19. Paraneoplastic syndrome.
20. Kaposi’s sarcoma.
21. Craniopharyngioma.
22. Ocular manifestations of HSV, clinical features and treatment.(LQ)
23. Tuberculosis. Pathogenesis, ocular manifestations, differential diagnosis and management.(LQ)
24. Enumerate various syndromes grouped under phacomatoses. Systemic and ocular features of phacomatoses. discuss one of the syndrome.(LQ)
25. Multiple sclerosis and eye.
26. Marfan’s syndrome.
27. Pulsatile exophthalmos.
28. Labers’s optic atrophy.
29. Ocular manifestations of collagen vascular diseases.
30. Ocular manifestations of demyelinating disease.(LQ)
31. Hutchinson’s triad.
32. Sarcoidosis.
33. Vogt-Kayanati-Harada syndrome.
Lids
1.Surgery of ectropion.
2.Discuss malignant tumours of eye and adnexa.(LQ)
3.Ptosis- Etiology,Clinical features and management.(LQ)
4.Classify ptosis, evaluation and surgical management.(LQ)
5.Differential diagnosis and histopathology of chalazion.
6.Acquired entropion.
7.Upper eyelid reconstruction.
8.Investigations for ptosis.
9.Clinical types of blepharitis and its management.
10.Paralytic ectropion.
11.Lagophthalmos.
12.Molluscum contagiosum.
13.Congenital entropion.
14.Entropion.
15.Symblepheron.
16.Discuss blepharoptosis.(LQ)
17.Blepharophimosis syndrome.
18.Ptosis.
19.Describe how to investigate a case of congenital ptosis.describe in short [rinciples of treatment of congenital ptosis.
20.Etiology, classification of entropion. treatment of senile entropion.
21.Congenital ptosis.
22.Sebaceous carcinoma of eyelid.
23.Surgical strategy for moderate congenital ptosis.
24.Surgical management of ? ectropion.
25.Marcus-Gunn jaw winking ptosis.
26.Cicatrical ectropion.
27.Discuss clinical features and management of congenital ptosis.
28.Causes of blepharoptosis and its surgical management.
29.Classify ptosis and its surgical correction.
30.Ocular manifestations of Toxoplasmosis.
Conjunctiva
1.Follicles.
2.Vernal keratoconjunctivitis.
3.Pigmented lesions of conjunctiva.
4.Viral infections of conjunctiva.
5.Different surgical procedures of pterygium.
6.Phynctelunar conjunctivitis.
7.Superior limbic kearatoconjunctivits.
8.Lab diagnosis of trachoma.
9.Ophthalmia neonatorum.
10.Pterygium.
11.Membranous conjunctivitis.
12.Trachoma. Etiology, signs and treatment.(LQ)
13.Atopic keratoconjunctivitis.
14.Viral conjunctivitis.
15.Surgical management of pterygium.
16.Recurrent pterygium.
Cornea
1.Factors maintaining corneal transparency.
2.Corneal dystrophies. (LQ)
3.Investigations for dry eyes.
4.Various techniques of DLEK. Its advantages over PK.(LQ)
5.Intracorneal ring.
6.Interstitial keratitis. Etiology,pathogenesis clinical features and management.(LQ)
7.Indications and types of keratoprosthesis.
8.Viral infections of cornea.
9.Management of corneal ulcer.
10.Herpes simplex keratitis. Etiopathogenesis, Clinical features, Treatment.(LQ)
11.Mooren’s ulcer.
12.Kearatoprosthesis.
13.Iridocorneal endothelial syndrome.
14.Acanthomeba keratitis.
15.Horner-Trantas spots.
16.Classify corneal degenerations and give their clinical features.(LQ)
17.Etiology and management of dry eye.
18.Band shaped keratopathy.
19.Hypopyon corneal ulcer.
20.Keratoplasty.
21.Keratitis in RA.
22.Discuss dry eyes.(LQ)
23.Filamentary keratitis.
24.Discuss management of descmetocele.
25.Management of Keratoconus.
26.Clinical features and management of keratoconus.(LQ)
27.Lamellar endothelial keratoplasty.
28.HS viral keratitis.
29.Corneal endothelium.
30.Fuch’s corneal dystrophy.
31.Pannus.
32.Discuss in short endothelial pump.
33.Discuss inheritance pattern and clinical features and clinical features of stromal dystrophies of cornea and principles and technique of keratoplasty in these cases.(LQ)
34.Lab diagnosis of infective keratitis.
35.Discuss stromal keratitis.(LQ)
36.Mooren’s ulcer.
37.Fuch’s endothelial dystrophy.
38.Discuss differential diagnosis and management of peripheral corneal degeneration.(LQ)
39.Acanthomeba keratitis.
40.Vascularisation of cornea.
41.Describe predisposing factors, clinical picture, diagnosis and management of HSV Keratitis.(LQ)
42.Classify corneal dystrophies and describe their slit-lamp appearances.(LQ)
43.Management of infective keratitis.(LQ)
44.Discuss pre-corneal tear film and its importance.
45.Marginal corneal ulcer.
46.Causes of ectatic cornea. describe in detail keratoconus.(LQ)
47.Differential diagnosis of nodule at limbus and its management.(LQ)
48.Peripheral marginal degeneration of cornea.
49.Discuss in brief anatomy of surgical limbus and its applied aspects.
50.Discuss tear substitutes.
51.Metallic deposits on cornea.phlynctelunar Keratitis.
52.Describe peripheral ulcerative keratitis. (LQ)
53.Explain evaluation, investigation and treatment of dry eyes.
54.Describe etiopathogenesis, alinical features and management of keratomycosis.
55.Enumerate causes and explain management of pesrsistent epithelial defects.
56.Discuss differential diagnosis of of congenital corneal opacities. (LQ)
57.Indiactions, types and complications of keratoplasty.(LQ)
58.Schirmers test.
59.Describe tubercular lesion of cornea.
60.Recent diagnosic modalities used in corneal diseases.
61.Clinical features, diagnosis and management of HZO.
Sclera
1.Post. Scleritis.
2.Necrotising scleritis.
3.Scleritis. (LQ)
4.Staphyloma.
5.Scleromalacia.
6.Acute necrotising scleritis.
7.Posterior staphyloma.
8.Scleromalacia perforans.
9.Clinical features and treatment of scleritis.
10.Episcleritis.
Uvea
1.Discuss etiology, signs/symptoms, investigations management and complications of Acute iridocyclitis. (LQ)
2.Management of acute and chronic uveitis.
3.Posterior uveitis – clinical features, etiology and management.
4.VKH syndrome.clinical features and management. (LQ)
5.Sympathetic ophthalmitis. In brief histopathology.
6.Acute iridocyclitis, complications.
7.Fuch’s heterochromic iridocyclitis.
8.Classify uveitis and discuss clinical features and management of anterior uveitis. (LQ)
9.Sympathetic ophthalmitis.
10.Clinical features and investigations of anterior uveitis.
11.Plateau iris.
12.Discuss HLA B27 related uveitis. (LQ)
13.Management of uveitis.
14.Classification, approach and management of uveitis. (LQ)
15.Heterochromic cyclitis.
16.Granulomatous uveitis.
17.30 year old male with anterior uveitis, IOP 28mmhg, Discuss diagnosis and management.
18.Describe clinical features and management of psudoexfoliation syndrome.
19.Discuss clinical features and management of Fuch’s heterochromatic iridocyclitis.
20.Plateau iris syndrome.
21.Describe clinical features, complications and management of intermediate uveitis. (LQ)
22.Etiology clinical features and management of Behcet’s disease.
23.Sympathetic ophthalmitis.
24.Aniridia.
25.Describe clinical features, etiopathogenesis, complications and management of pars planitis. (LQ)
Retina
1.Eales disease. Etiology, clinical features and management. (LQ)
2.Cherry red spot.
3.CSR.
4.Hypertensive retinopathy.
5.CRVO- clinical picture, investigations and management. (LQ)
6.Discuss causes, treatment of exudative RD. (LQ)
7.Clinical features of HTN retinopathy.
8.ARMD. (LQ)
9.Choroidal detachment. Etiology, clinical features and management.
10.Salu’s sign.
11.Usher’s syndrome.
12.Cystoid macular edema.
13.Angioid streaks.
14.Management of DM retinopathy.
15.Vitreous substitutes.
16.Classify DM retinopathy and discuss the management of PDR. (LQ)
17.Retnitis pigmentosa.
18.Classify RD. discuss management in detail. (LQ)
19.Management of retinal vein occlusions.
20.DMretinopathy.
21.Choroidal melanoma.
22.CF and management of CRAO. (LQ)
23.Retinoschisis.
24.Suprachoroidal haemorrhage.
25.CRVO.
26.Toxic retinopathies.
27.CSME.
28.CHoroidal effusion.
29.Choroidal hemangioma.
30.Causes and management of SRNVM. (LQ)
31.Outline of features and management of Retinoschisis.
32.Describe clinical picture and management of CSR.
33.Dry ARMD.
34.Discuss etiopathogenesis of CRVO and its management.
35.CMV retinitis.
36.Features and management of PDR. (LQ)
37.Peripheral retinal degenerations.
38.Features and management of ARMD.
39.ARMD.
40.BRVO.
41.Pathogenesis, ocular features, differential diagnosis and treatment of CMV Retinitis. (LQ)
42.Various causes of vitreous haemorrhage. Discuss evaluation and management. (LQ)
43.Fundus picture of CRVO.how do you treat it?
44.Fundus picture and FFA changes in ARMD.
45.How do you treat intrafoveal CNVM.
46.Fundus in CMV Retinitis. Clinical implication and its treatment.
47.Choroidal melanoma. Clinical features management, prognosis and various types. (LQ)
48.HTN retinopathy.
49.AMPPE.
50.ARMD. Clinical features, differential diagnosis and management.
51.Fundus albipunctatus.
52.Discuss pneumoretinopexy.
53.Vitrectomy in DR.
54.Retinoblastoma. Add a note on histopathology.
55.Discuss genetic counselling in retinoblastoma.
56.Reese – Elsworth classification of Rb.
57.A 60 year old man found to have an intraocular lesion of 25 mm on routine examination how do you manage. (LQ)
58.Central serous retinopathy. Etiology, clinical features and treatment.
59.Define papilloedema. Casuses, pathogenesis, clinical features and DDs of papilloedema. (LQ)
60.Describe the fundus picture of CRAO. Add a note on management.
61.Classify optic neuritis. Clinical features and management of any one of them.
62.Role of newer drugs in management of ARMD.
63.Discuss various substances used for internal tamponade in rhegmatogenous RD.
64.Atypical RP.
65.Retinopathy of prematurity. Stages and risk factors.
66.Prevalence of vision loss in DM retinopathy. Assess known risk factors and indicate your ideal plan for ocular surviallance of DM in community. (LQ)
67.Pneumoretinpexy.
68.Optic nerve head drussens.
69.CRVO. Etiology, clinical features and management. Add a note on CRVO trial. (LQ)
70.Ocular manifestations of HIV. Add a note on treatment of CMV retinitis. (LQ)
71.Primary optic atrophy.
72.ARMD.
73.Discuss predisposing factors for rhegmaotogenous RD. how will you manage a caase of recent onset Rhegmatogenous RD. (LQ)
74.BRVO.
75.Retinoschisis.
76.Discuss Vitrectomy and recent advances in vitreous surgery. (LQ)
Glaucoma
1.Preperimetric glaucoma. Diagnosis and management. (LQ)
2.ALT.
3.Glaucomato-cyclitic crisis.
4.Secondary glaucomas.
5.NVG.
6.POAG. Etiopathogenesis, clinical features and management. (LQ)
7.LASER trabeculoplasty.
8.Discuss ON head changes in chronic simple glaucoma.
9.Psudoexfoliation syndrome.
10.Discuss in detail ACG and its management. (LQ)
11.Diagnostic modalities of OAG. (LQ)
12.Discuss newer investigations in Glaucoma. (LQ)
13.Early diagnosis of OAG.
14.Neuroprotectors in Glaucoma.
15.Describe pathogenesis of visual fields defects in OAG and their relevance in diagnosis and management. (LQ)
16.Altitudinal field defects.
17.Buphthalmos.
18.Write a short note on NVG.
19.Discuss various factors involved in failure of glaucoma surgery. Describe role of wound modulation. (LQ)
20.Describe medical treatment of glaucoma. (LQ)
21.Absolute glaucoma.
22.Acute ACG. Clinical features, DD and management.(LQ)
23.POAG. Clinical features, field defects and management. (LQ)
24.ACG.
25.Buphthalmos management.
26.Angle recession glaucoma.
27.Indication of surgery in POAG. Outline steps in trabeculectomy. How do you manage failed bleb. (LQ)
28.Stages of primary narrow angle glaucoma. Diagnosis and management of acute congested attack of glaucoma. (LQ)
29.Visual field defects in OAG and various methods of documenting it.
30.Causes of Rubeosis Iridis. Etiology and management of NVG.
31.Treatment of congenital glaucoma.
32.Discuss factors affecting intraocular pressure. Add a note on C-Value. (LQ)
33.Infantile glaucoma. Discuss clinical features, DDs, assessment and treatment. (LQ)
34.Describe role of LASER in management of glaucoma.
35.Explain angle recession glaucoma.
36.Discuss LIG. (LQ)
37.Ciliary block glaucoma. Etiopathogenesis, clinical features and management.
38.Neovascular glaucoma.
Instruments
1.PASCAL LASER.
2.Short wave automated perimetry.
3.FFA.
4.Photodynamic therapy.
5.Applanation tonometry.
6.Corneal topography.
7.Cutler beard procedure.
8.UBM.
9.ERG.
10.Optics of slit lamp.
11.ICG angiography.
12.Jones test.
13.MRI.
14.Small pupil Ophthalmoscopy.
15.Specular microscopy.
16.Pachymetry.
17.Lestu Jones tube.
18.Schirmers test.
19.Orbital echography.
20.Glaucoma screening.
21.Aqeous drainage devices.
22.KOH staining.
23.Confocal scanning LASER Ophthalmoscope.
24.LASEK.
25.Uses of USG in Ophthalmology. (LQ)
26.Keratoprosthesis.
27.Write a short note on gonioscopy.
28.Indirect Ophthalmoscopy. Principle, advantages and uses. (LQ)
29.Capsular tension ring.
30.LASIK.
31.Write a short note on Bandage contact lens.
32.Discuss ultrasoundbiomicroscopy.
33.Optic foramina radiology.
34.Litmus fly test.
35.What is Femtosecond LASER. Discuss its application in Ophthalmology.
36.Write a short note on phakic IOL.
37.Write a short note on OCT.
38.Principles of Photodynamic therapy.
39.Wavefront LASIK.
40.Transpupillary thermotherapy.
41.Photodynamic therapy.
Drugs
1. Antiviral drugs.
2. Antimetabolites in filtering surgeries.
3. Antiglaucoma drugs. (LQ)
4. Immunosuppressive drugs.
5. Tissue adhesives in Ophthalmology.
6. ?
7. LA agents, Mode of action, various routes. Complications of peribulbar anesthesis.
8. Intravitreal triamcinolone.
9. Immunosupressives in uveitis.
10.Intravitreal drug therapy.
11.Uses of 5-FU in ophthalmology.
12.Artificial tear substitute.
13.Mitomycin-C.
14.Perfluropropane.
15.TRIC agents.
16.Latanoprost. ***
17.Write a short note on role of antimitotic agents in Glaucoma.
18.Newer antiglaucoma drugs.
19.Role of anti VEGF in management of Wet ARMD. (LQ)
20.Intravitreal injections.
21.Cyclosporine-A.
22.Steroids in Ophthalmology.
23.Drugs in CMV retinitis.
24.Subtenons injection.
25.Classify antiglaucoma drugs. Add a short note on recent drugs in use. (LQ)
26.Atropine and its Ophthalmic uses.
27.Classify antifungals and discuss their mode of action.
28.Drug induced ocular toxicity.
29.?
30.Write a short note on immunosupressives in ophthalmology.
31.Polyhexamethylene Biguanide.
32.Classify antiviral drugs, Mechanism of action and mention its clinical application in Ophthalmology. (LQ)
33.Describe type-1 hypersensitivity reactions. Give 2 examples with clinical features and management.
34.Dorzolamide.
35.Cyanoacrylate glue.
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