Ophthalmology Notes @ OphthalNotes.blogspot.com

Ophthalmology Notes @ OphthalNotes.blogspot.com
A comprehensive collection of ophthalmology revision notes that cover a broad range of topics.

AIIMS RP CENTER QUESTION BANK OPHTHALMOLOGY

 AIMS RP CENTER QUESTION BANK OPHTHALMOLOGY


Glaucoma

  1. Development and anomalies of AC with their application in health and disease.
  2. Discuss Changing concepts in mx of endothelial dysfunction (dec 2005)
  3. Endothelial pump (dec 2005)
  4. Medical management of glaucoma.
  5. NVG- causes and management.
  6. Outline etiopathogenesis of NVG, its various features, possible mx options’2011
  7. HVF analysis.
  8. Steroid induced glaucoma.
  9. Gonioscopy.
  10. Surgical management of congenital glaucoma.
  11. Automated perimetry- Indication and utility.
  12. Phacolytic glaucoma and mx (dec 2007)
  13. Neuroprotection and its mechanism of action/ in glaucoma,
  14. Causes of secondary glaucoma. Pattern of rise of IOP in postuveitic glaucoma.
  15. Target IOP.
  16. Field changes in OAG.
  17. Clinical feature and management of ACG.
  18. Dorzalamide.
  19. MMC(mitomycin c) in ophthal (MAY 2009)
  20. Dynamic of aqueous humour synthesis in health and diseases. Mechanism of drugs affecting it.
  21. Advances in the management of glaucoma (MAY 2008) and their limitations. (dec 2009)
  22. Pathogenesis and management of malignant glaucoma.
  23. Correlate mx of malignant glaucoma to its pathogenesis (MAY 2008)
  24. Side effects of glaucoma medications.
  25. Optical principles of various means of appreciating angle. Critically analyze the methodologies available of aiding visualisation through gonioscope (dec 2009)
  26. Angle anomalies.
  27. Briefly discusss disorders exhibiting developmental anomalies of the angle. Describe the stages of dev of angle structures and aquous outflow channels MAY 2007
  28. Discuss development & abnormalities of anterior chamber angle with their applications to functions in health and disease (MAY 2008)
  29. Prostaglandins in glaucoma. ( MAY 2007)
  30. Mx of postoperative shallow AC following filtering surgery( MAY 2007)
  31. BAB.
  32. Discuss Pre-perimetric glaucoma (dec 2005) & its diag, factors in progression of field defects. (MAY 2010)
  33. Surgical management of failed trab. (dec 2005)
  34. Classify 20 glaucoma. Diagnosis and management of lens induced glaucoma’s.
  35. Strategies to decrease morbidity by glaucoma in the country. Ideal model for glaucoma service in a tertiary care centre.
  36. Nerve fiber layer with reference to glaucoma.
  37. Congenital glaucoma.
  38. Angle recession.
  39. Phakomatosis---Sturge- Weber syndrome.
  40. ICE syndrome
  41. Nerve fibre layer with spl ref to glaucoma
  42. PXF syndrome.
  43. Aphakic glaucoma.
  44. ONH evaluation.
  45. Releasable sutures.
  46. CLASSIFY secondary glaucoma.outline in flow chart steps to diag , mx of various types of lens induced glaucoma (dec 2005)
  47. Management of encapsulated bleb following filtering surgery.
  48. Analyze critically the side effects of various antiglaucoma medications (MAY 2009)

Retina- vitreous and trauma

  1. Pathology of ARMD and management.
  2. Ocular manifestation of HIV and their management. (DEC 2008)
  3. Anti- VEGF agents** ( MAY 2007)- role in ocular pathologies (DEC 2008)
  4. Prognostic significances of various manifestation of ocular trauma on the globe and adnexae, as appreciated in your casualty. (DEC 2008)
  5. Wide angle viewing system.
  6. Postoperative endophthalmitis.
  7. Evaluate the rational mx of endophthalmitis including a critical note on therapy induced problems(MAY 2008)
  8. ROP and plus disease.
  9. PDR.
  10. BRVO.
  11. Evaluate vision threatning injuries , discuss principles for their mx from the standpoint of best possible outcomes (dec 2009)
  12. Hyphema.
  13. Pseudophakic endophthalmitis.
  14. Intravitreal gases.
  15. Lasers in ophthalmology.
  16. Vasculitis and describe WG.
  17. Chorioretinits.
  18. Pars plana surgery and its indications.
  19. ERG.
  20. ICG dye in ophthalmology.
  21. Macular hole- pathophysiology,inv , tt, with spl ref to recent advances
  22. Discuss oct features of Macular hole in relation to mx. Discuss factors prognosticating the Tt outcome’2011
  23. Lattice degeneration of retina.
  24. CSR- etiology, clinical features and management.
  25. Current trends in mx of CSR ( MAY 2007)
  26. Expulsive choroidal hemorrhage.
  27. Recent advances in management of ARMD.
  28. Critically analyse changing scenario in mx of ARMD (MAY 2009)
  29. Various dyes in ophthalmology.
  30. INTRAOCULAR DYES (dec 2005)
  31. ICG angiography.
  32. Pathology of DR. Management of DME.
  33. PFCL.
  34. Blood supply of retina and ON.
  35. Anatomy and physiology of rods and cones. Factors influencing dark adaptation.
  36. PHPV.
  37. Role of antioxidants in ophthalmology.
  38. Development of eye. Retinal disorders related to development of eye.
  39. Optics of binocular indirect ophthalmoscope. (MAY 2010)
  40. mERG.
  41. Drug delivery implants in eye.
  42. Vitreous substitutes & viscoelastics (dec 2005)
  43. Contrast sensitivity.
  44. Intravitreal steroids.
  45. 25g vitrectomy.
  46. Ocular toxoplasmosis. ( MAY 2007)
  47. HTN- ocular features with special reference to PIH. (dec 2007)
  48. CRVO.- (newer modalities in mx)/ surgical intervention
  49. Ocular cysticercosis.
  50. IFC.
  51. Terson’s syndrome.
  52. Asteroid hyalosis and synchysis.
  53. Cherry red spot.
  54. RIOFB.
  55. PIH.
  56. Hematological disorder in retina.
  57. Ocular TB.
  58. Ocular melanoma.
  59. Ocular photo toxicity.
  60. VKH.
  61. Sarcoidosis.
  62. Ocular sarcoidosis (MAY 2007)
  63. Describe clinical features, diag, mx of ocular sarcoidosis’ may 2011
  64. Leprosy.
  65. FFA.
  66. ONH drusen.
  67. ETDRS.
  68. Open globe injury.
  69. RD surgery.
  70. OCT.
  71. Role of OCT and FFA in retinal disorders. (MAY 2010)
  72. RD with PVR.
  73. GRT.
  74. VH.
  75. Secondary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment.
  76. DISCUSS changing concepts in mx of diff types of retinal detachment**
  77. Current trends in VRSx and macular procedures. (dec 2009)
  78. Critically evaluate mx of Dropped nucleus. (MAY 2010)
  79. Discuss Suprachoidal hemorrhage & expulsive hge & their mx (MAY 2008)/ pathophysiology & mx (dec 2005)
  80. Recognition & mx of massive suprachoroidal hge (MAY 2010)
  81. RPE and its significance.
  82. Care of ophthalmoscope. (MAY 2010)
  83. Ocular USG.
  84. C/F and genetic screening of primary retinal pigment disorders.
  85. Development of vitreous and its examination.
  86. Electron microscopy of rods and cones.
  87. Macular pigments in health and disease.
  88. Management of recalcitrant DME. (MAY 2007)
  89. Verteporfin. (dec 2007)
  90. Dystrophies and degenerations in eye.
  91. Endophthalmitis.
  92. Analyse Role of genetics in retinal disorders. (MAY 2009)
  93. Toxocariasis.
  94. Pseudophakic CME.
  95. Discuss pathogenesis, features, investigations & mx of diffuse diabetic macular edema’2011/ pathophysiology, inv, mx with recent developments (dec 2005)
  96. Discuss ocular changes in hypertension & their mx strategies (MAY 2010)
  97. Current concepts in DR & their relevance to mx. (MAY 2009)
  98. Discuss the screening protocol/ schedule of ROP and guidelines for intervention (MAY 2009) (dec 2005)**
  99. Discuss the changing concepts in mx of high myopia. With a clinical appraisal of the methods available.

Lens and cataract

  1. Functional and surgical anatomy of lens & Maintenance of transparency of lens thr’out the life. (MAY 2010)
  2. Subluxation of crystalline lens***- Causes, D/D and management. (dec 2009)/ causes, tabulate differential diagnostic featutes , schematic flow chart to guide mx in diff situations of lens sublaxation (dec 2005)
  3. Detail your xam, inv, mx in sublaxated lens in 6yr boy (MAY 2008)
  4. Critically evaluate multiocals in ophthalmic practice (MAY 2007)
  5. SFIOL. (dec 2005)
  6. Viscoelastics.
  7. Newer IOLs.
  8. PCO and its prevention.
  9. CTR
  10. IOLs to aid near vision.
  11. Mechanism of accommodation. Method of assessment of anomalies of accommodation. (MAY 2007)
  12. Aspheric lenses. ( MAY 2007)
  13. Bimanual phaco. ( MAY 2007)
  14. Critically evaluate newer concepts in phacoemulsifications including bimanual (dec 2007)
  15. Newer concepts in phaco.
  16. Reach in programme.
  17. Developmental cataract.
  18. Critically evaluate mx of developmental cataract (MAY 2008)
  19. Pros and cons of accommodative and newer IOLs in ophthalmic practice
  20. Principles of cataract surgery in different ocular situations.
  21. Strategies to control cataract blindness in India.
  22. Chop techniques.
  23. Methods of surgical anesthesia in cataract surgery.
  24. Phaco in small pupil.
  25. Aphakia in children - management.
  26. Posterior polar cataract and its management.
  27. Visual acuity in children.
  28. SICS.
  29. Lensometer.
  30. Complicated cataract.
  31. Critically evaluate a case of complicated cat, its mx’2011
  32. Procedures to obtain emmetropia in IOL implantation.
  33. Congenital Rubella syndrome.
  34. Posterior capsulorrhexis.
  35. Pathogenesis of senile cataract. IOL power calculation. Newer IOL materials and design.
  36. Toric IOL.
  37. Post-uveitic cataract.
  38. Traumatic cataract.
  39. Diabetic cataract.
  40. Decentered IOL.
  41. Discuss development of lens, with respect to (various known types of cong cat’may 2011)/ clinical application (MAY 2007)
  42. Describe development of human lens and its structure including methods for its detailed clinical examination and documentation
  43. Critically discuss pros & cons of accommodative & newer IOLs in ophthalmic practice (DEC 2008)
  44. What are the dd of postoperative inflammation following cat sx with respect to mx. (MAY 2010)
  45. Ciliary sulcus
  46. Intra- lenticular foreign body ( MAY 2007)

Cornea

  1. AMG- technique & application in ophthal
  2. Corneal dystrophy- Classification, Describe stromal dystrophies.
  3. Ocular surface disorders and their management.
  4. Factors involved in corneal transparency.
  5. Nonresponding bacterial corneal ulcer.
  6. Fungal corneal ulcers
  7. Posterior keratoconus
  8. Limbal stem cells
  9. What r Limbal stem cells? Clinical and applied significance.
  10. Reccurent pterygium
  11. Customise eximer laser corneal ablation
  12. Antiviral agents
  13. Antifungal drugs
  14. Lamellar corneal surgery
  15. Discuss Lamellar keratoplasties & their role in corneal disorders (MAY 2009)
  16. Tear film and its changes in iatrogenic situations
  17. Discuss the management of shallow Ac after keratoplasty (dec 2005)
  18. Surgical treatment for marginal corneal ulcer(dec 2005)
  19. Stem cell deficiencies (dec 2005)
  20. Discuss in detail corneoscleral limbus and its importance
  21. Anatomy of limbus
  22. Vital stains in corneal evaluation
  23. Discuss aetiology,inv,Tt with spl ref to recent advances in dry eyes (dec 2005)
  24. Evaluate recent trends in inv & mx of dry eyes (MAY 2010)
  25. Classify chemical injuries and discuss their prognostic indicators. Outline various management modalities. Current advances and sequelae
  26. Mx of acute chemical burn (dec 2005)
  27. Evaluate recent trends in mx of chemical injuries & their sequelae. (MAY 2010)
  28. Planning an ideal eye bank at a tertiary Ophthal hospital.
  29. Clinical features, diagnosis, and current concepts/approach in management of fungal keratitis. ( MAY 2007)
  30. Evaluate imp aspects in mx of fungal corneal ulcers. (MAY 2010)
  31. Corneal topography ( MAY 2007)
  32. Peripheral corneal thinning disorders and their M/t (dec 2007)
  33. LASIK Sx and its complications
  34. Risk factors for corneal graft rejection
  35. Role of steroids in keratitis
  36. Viral conjunctivitis
  37. Acute haemorrhagic conjunctivitis
  38. DISCUSS intricacies in diag & best mx of conjunctivitis (DEC 2008)
  39. Acanthamoeba keratitis
  40. Cosmetic contact lens
  41. Selection of contact lenses
  42. Herpetic stromal keratitis
  43. Corneal preservation
  44. Dry eye syndrome
  45. Corneal complication of IOLs
  46. Xerophthalmia
  47. Ocular surface
  48. Keratoconus
  49. Astigmatic and refractive corneal surgeries
  50. Peripheral degeneration
  51. Corneal opacity and its congenital Variant
  52. Staphyloma
  53. Limbal dermoid
  54. Sclerocornea
  55. Failed graft
  56. Exposure keratitis
  57. Spheroidal degeneration
  58. Viral keratitis
  59. Scleritis
  60. BSK
  61. Salzmann nodular degeneration
  62. Spheroidal degeneration
  63. Neuroparalytic keratitis
  64. Critically evaluate the principles, advantages, and limitations of various keratometers. Recent advances in examining and documenting cornea
  65. Non healing keratitis (dec 2009)
  66. Describe the optical principles & application of corneal topography. Discuss concepts of mx of keratoconus.’ May 2011
  67. Recent advances & concepts in corneal grafting with spl ref to high risk keratoplasty (MAY 2010)
  68. Critically evaluate organization of ideal blood bank with ref to miaximize the needs of our region (MAY 2010)
  69. Critically discuss recent advances in keratorefractive procedures (MAY 2008)
  70. Discuss the changing scenario in diverse refractive procedures and measures(DEC 2008)/ critical note on selection of pt for these (dec 2009)

Optics 

  1. Merits and demerits of modalities of management of myopia
  2. Details of areas visualized , discuss optics and application of various viewing systems in vitrectomy/ specular microscopy ***(DEC 2008)
  3. Optical aberrations
  4. Theory of accommodation
  5. Discuss about accomodation of eye in detail
  6. Discuss the mechanism of accommodation of eye in detail. Discuss the methods for assessment of anomalies of accomodation
  7. Paediatric vision testing
  8. Lensometer
  9. Automated perimetry- indications and utility
  10. Use of cross cylinders
  11. Role of contrast sensitivity
  12. Contrast sensitivity in ophthal
  13. Oct in ophthal***(dec 2005)
  14. Streak retinoscopy (dec 2005)
  15. UBM and its role in ophthal today (MAY 2010)
  16. Discuss various LVA available , and their clinical applicability
  17. What are low vision aids? Discuss their indications and optical principles (dec 2005)
  18. Describe the anatomy and physiology of rods and cones. What factors influence dark adaptation?
  19. Compound astigmatism
  20. Theories of color vision
  21. Anisometropia – hyper >1D, astig>1D, myop>3D
  22. Optics of indirect ophthalmoscope
  23. Selection of cycloplegic and mydriatic
  24. Multifocal ERG
  25. Subjective verification of refraction** ( MAY 2007)
  26. Discuss the basic principles which are applied in Mx & correction of astigmatism (dec 2005)
  27. Describe the mechanism of dark adaptaion with respect to anatomy & physiology involved (dec 2005)
  28. Uniocular diplopia (dec 2005)
  29. Discuss with labeled diagrams optical principles of ophthalmic operating microscopes and their various technological advances
  30. Discuss with labeled diagrams optics of operating microscopes with special reference to ophthal**
  31. Advances in diagnostic ultrasonography (in ophthal)** (dec 2005)
  32. Keratometers – principles, advantages, limitations. Recent advances in examining and documenting cornea – confo/ specular/ pentacam/ ASOCT/ UBM/ WAVE FRONT
  33. Presbyopia and its management (dec 2005)
  34. Detail the selection criteria for your own ophthalmoscopes and the care you should exercise for their maintenance and maximum utilization (MAY 2008). (dec 2007)
  35. Practical application of ophthalmoscope.
  36. Discuss the principles, evolution and application of OCT in ophthal as compared to other modalities. (dec 2009)
  37. Critically evaluate principles of various keratometers, their advantages & limitations. What are the recent advances in examining and documenting cornea (dec 2009)
  38. Discuss subjective verification of refraction and role of autorefractors’ may 2008
  39. Recent concepts of psychophysiology of color vision. Compare the various modalities available to critically assess color perception (dec 2005)
  40. Discuss problems and applied aspects of color vision tests and color visual field examination
  41. Describe mechanism of accommodation, & assessment and mx of presbyopia’ may’2011
  42. Describe corneal topography & its dovumentation & their applied aspects (MAY 2009)

Instruments

  1. USG
  2. OCT
  3. FA
  4. ICG
  5. PENTACAM
  6. ASOCT
  7. UBM
  8. IOL MASTER
  9. SLIT LAMP
  10. MICROSCOPE
  11. VITRECTOMY – WAVS
  12. CORNEAL TOPOGRAPHY
  13. Km
  14. Pachymetry
  15. Specular
  16. Confoscan
  17. GDx
  18. HRT
  19. DCT
  20. AR
  21. ORBSCAN
  22. OPHTHALMOSCOPE
  23. LENSES
  24. ORA (OCULAR RESPONSE ANALYZER)
  25. I/O
  26. ERG
  27. mf ERG
  28. Colour vision
  29. Contrast
  30. Dev of eye
  31. Degn and dystr of eye (MAY 2008)
  32. Retinal disorders in ref to development
  33. Dyes

Oculoplasty

  1. Classification of blepharoptosis & its relevance to Mx & complication** (DEC 2008)
  2. Classify extraocular and intraocular tumours with a note on their prognosis (dec 2009)
  3. Lacrimal gland lesions – dd/ Mx** (DEC 2008)
  4. Lacrimal pump mechanism- structural and functional ( dysfunctional) aspects** ((DEC 2008)
  5. Orbital spaces , significance in investigation and salient disorders (DEC 2008)
  6. Describe the spaces of orbit , discuss their surgical importance
  7. Dd of a painless nodular progressively increasing swelling of the lower lid in 6oyr male
  8. Discuss etiology & mx of unilateral proptosis in 3yr old boy
  9. Dd, mx of unilateral proptosis (MAY 2008)
  10. Pseudotumor of orbit
  11. Describe and discuss the mx of pseudotumors in orbit
  12. Mx of chronic dacryocystitis
  13. Surgical mx of congenital ptosis
  14. Describe various thyroid function tests, give clinical picture & mx of hyperthyroidism with spl regard to ocular involvement
  15. Describe in detail the clinical pic, dd, mx of lacrimal gland tumors
  16. Discuss the anatomy of sup orbital fissure
  17. Myasthenia gravis
  18. Myasthenia – ocular aspects(MAY 2008)
  19. Exophthalmometry
  20. Carotico cavernous fistula
  21. Optic nv glioma
  22. Describe the etiology, clinical features, mx of a case of unilateral proptosis
  23. Critically analyze the recent advances in orbital and canalicular interventions with spl ref to trauma (dec 2009)
  24. Classify the extraocular and intraocular tumors. Note on their prognosis
  25. Transfrontal orbitotmy- procedure, indications
  26. Describe & discuss the principles and techniques of lid reconstructions
  27. Discuss the various avenues of mx of bilateral RB in 1yr chld
  28. Critically evaluate treatment strategies for 18 month old bilateral RB (dec 2005)
  29. Enumerate the ocurlar changes in thyroid dysfunction and its mx
  30. Describe tear formation & its drainage mechanism. How would you diagnose and manage different types of lacrimal obstruction
  31. Phacomatosis ( MAY 2007)- NF1- OP , rest – squint –AAO
  32. Cavernous sinus thrombosis
  33. Entropion correction
  34. Describe the progressive clinical features of dysthyroid ophthalmopathy, its diagnosis modalities, indiactions for intervention, surgical mx- (dec 2005)
  35. Discuss the role of newer modalities of mx in RB with their indications, and details of the therapies ***
  36. Critically evaluate the T/t strategies for 18m old child with bilateral RB
  37. Recent classification of RB
  38. Mucormycosis
  39. Discuss various modalities of mx in a case of ptosis and their indications. Critically evaluate the operative procedures available and appropriate steps for prevention and treatment of postoperative problems
  40. Describe investigations for intraocular malignancies in an adult and options for their mx
  41. Applied anatomy of orbital apex (dec 2005)
  42. Describe with diagrams the anatomy of orbit and its spaces & their clinical significance (dec 2005)
  43. Tear film and its changes in iatrogenic situations (dec 2005)
  44. Discuss tear films & dynamics in diseases and medications and their evaluation’ may 2008
  45. Outline your approach for the evaluation and mx of a case of failed ptosis sx’11
  46. Discuss the dd of pulsatile proptosis. Outline your approach to their investigation and mx(dec 2005)
  47. Blow out # orbit
  48. Orbital # in relation to structural anatomy (MAY 2008)
  49. Mx of failed DCR
  50. Evaluate in detail the surgical mx & your criteria for decision making in a case of cong ptosis**(dec 2007)
  51. Discuss the functional and surgical anatomy of orbit along with their development. Their various important disorders and anomalies** (dec 2009)
  52. Outline the dd & mx of watering of eye in children (MAY 2008)
  53. Evaluate the mx of functional epiphora (MAY 2009)
  54. How would you manage a case of proptosis in child (MAY 2009). Dd of proptosis in child, Mx of orbital cellulitis in a child (dec 2005)
  55. Acquired ptosis (MAY 2007)
  56. Discuss the dd, mx of unilateral orbital cellulitis (dec 2007)
  57. Genetic transmission of RB (dec 2005)
  58. Role of various investigative modalities in retinoblastoma (MAY 2010)
  59. Recent classifications of RB from clinical and pathological viewpoints with spl ref to prognosis & mx (MAY 2008)
  60. Lid margin
  61. Outline the surgical and functional anatomy of LPS (MAY 2010)
  62. Outline your approach for evaluation and mx of a)failed ptosis sx (dec 2005)& b)ptosis in spl situations(complicated ptosis)’2011
  63. Dd & mx of a growth of the lateral part of eye lids’2011
  64. How would you approach and manage a suspected case of blowout #’2011
  65. Decribe in detail ur approach to management of a case of unilateral axial proptosis in adult (MAY 2007)
  66. Acute proptosis in children ** (20)

Misc

  1. Role of stem cells with spl ref to ophthal (DEC 2008)
  2. Techniques and application of AMG in ocular disorders (DEC 2008)
  3. Discuss iatrogenic disorders of eye (DEC 2008)
  4. Indications & hazards of radiation to eye (DEC 2008)
  5. Critically evaluate Nutritional factors causing ocular morbidity (DEC 2008)
  6. How would you Organize an upgraded residency training program in ophthal in your institute (DEC 2008)
  7. Collagen shield
  8. Eye banking and legislation
  9. Describe disinfection and sterilization in ophthal in relation to common inv and OT
  10. Immunosuppressant
  11. Artificial eye
  12. Discuss the importance of genetics(molecular genetics) in ophthal
  13. Write a critical note on role of genetics in important blinding disorders (dec 2007)
  14. Describe the clinical features, diag, mx of a case of methyl alcohol poisoning (dec 2005)
  15. Write briefly on metastatic lesions of eye
  16. Discuss the role of antioxidants in eye
  17. Persistent pupillary membrane
  18. Eye in epidemic dropsy
  19. Classify Immunomodulators & discuss their role in various ophthalmic disorders (dec 2009)
  20. Drug delivery implants in eye
  21. Structure and function of pigmented epithelium throughout eye MAY 2008
  22. Discuss retinal pigment epithelium & its functional significance (MAY 2010)
  23. Outline dystrophies and degn of eye
  24. Juvenile systemic disorders affecting eye (MAY 2008)
  25. Outline ocular lesions connected with specific systemic infections (MAY 2009)
  26. Outline imp systemic disorders affecting eye & their salient ocular symptoms and signs (dec 2009)
  27. Ocular manifestations of head injuries vis-a-vis their role in mx (MAY 2009)
  28. Anterior segment of newborn (dec 2005)
  29. Discuss the visual perception and its evaluation (MAY 2007)
  30. Ocular manifestation of connective disorders (dec 2005)
  31. Prisms in ophthal- slit lamp/IO/ operating microscope/ applanation.
  32. Discuss about the changing concepts in mx of diff types of RD
  33. Role of telemedicine in ophthal
  34. Hematological disorder in ophthal
  35. Discuss the etiology, mx perspective of advanced terminal situations on the verge of total blindness (dec 2009)
  36. Dd of poor vision in child. How would you manage such a child (dec 2009)
  37. Dev of eye
  38. Drug implant
  39. Discuss classifications of ocular trauma. Outline the types of IOFBs and their critical mx’2011/ mx IOFB (dec 2005)
  40. Depict cavernous sinus, discuss their ophthalmic connections. Outline every day application of ophthalmoscope and discuss their selection and care.**** May’2011 MAY 2008 (dec 2009)
  41. Detail techniques of recording VER/VEP, & their role in opththal’ may 2011
  42. Discuss cysticercosis affecting eye, diag, mx ‘ may 2011
  43. Discuss phakomatoses affecting the eye’ may 2011
  44. Describe blood aquous barrier. Discuss the formation and circulation o aquous humor(in health and disease) with spl ref to various drugs acting on it (MAY 2007)**
  45. Postoperative infections – prevention and mx

Community

  1. Evaluate Strategies to decrease childhood blindness in vision 2020 (DEC 2008)
  2. Strategies to control cataract blindness in India
  3. Vision 2020 and India (dec 2005)
  4. Discuss NPCB & vision 2020(the right to sight) with spl ref to combating corneal blindness (dec 2009)
  5. Eye camp approach vs reach in approach
  6. Discuss briefly the problems in rehabilitation of visually handicapped children. How could you organize an effective eye screening program in a semi urban school in your community with spl ref to refr errors.
  7. Discuss strategies to reduce ocular morbidities in diabetics in your country
  8. Discuss viable strategies to reduce amblyopia at the community level
  9. Discuss in detail about reach in program for mx of cat in community**(dec 2007)
  10. Critically evaluate the visually impaired disability categories and the disability percentages based on severity as per norms**(dec 2007)
  11. Discuss visual aids and their relevance to our national program for ctrl of blindness and vision 2020 in India (dec 2007)
  12. Describe briefly recent advances in alleviation of irreversible blindness- LVA, stem cells , retinal implants (MAY 2009)
  13. Predominant causes of blindness in India and national initiatives for prevention (MAY 2009)
  14. Outline the strategies to reduce the incidence of various ocular injuries in the community ( MAY 2007)
  15. Diabetic retinopathy & vision 2020
  16. Design a suitable screening program for diabetic retinopathy at community level, & its importance in the light of recent advances in its management ( MAY 2007)
  17. Discuss cataract surgical rate in the context of the national program with spl ref to the visual outcome of such surgeries (MAY 2010)
  18. Discuss prevention of childhood eye disorders and role of our school health programmes’ may 2011
  19. Discuss strategies to reduce morbidity caused by preventable ocular trauma in the country (dec 2005)
  20. Discuss your strategies for tackling major causes of visual impairment in the community with spl ref to children, under the NPCB, & vision 2020 (MAY 2008)
  21. Discuss the various approaches to rehabilitation of visually handicapped ( MAY 2007)

Neuro ophthal

  1. How would you evaluate the integrity of visual pathways? Discuss briefly about localization of their lesions in the context of neuro ophthal*** (DEC 2008) (dec 2005)
  2. Discuss and describe anatomy, relation of optic nv, and blood supply
  3. Papilloedema and head injury
  4. Pupillary reaction pathways 
  5. Describe the pupillary pathways in detail, their affections with diagram. Diff tests to elucidate them 
  6. Visual cortex
  7. Describe etiopathogenesis, clinical pic and mx of AION
  8. Drusen of optic nv head
  9. Anatomy of optic chiasma, discuss briefly the various lesions affecting visual fields (role in ealth and disease)’ MAY 2008
  10. Describe and discuss inv & mx of a case of ophthalmoplegia
  11. Etiology & mx of ophthalmoplegias (dec 2009)
  12. Toxic optic neuropathy
  13. Malingering
  14. Describe etiopathogenesis and appearance of visual field changes in neurological disorders
  15. Amaurosis fugax
  16. Pulse steroid therapy- tr ON, ON, early rejection PK, VKH, AION
  17. Pituitary lesions for ophthalmologist
  18. Discuss etiopathogenesis, dd, mx of unilateral swelling of ON head
  19. Multiple sclerosis (ocular aspect) (MAY 2008)
  20. Functional anatomy of optic nv head (MAY 2009)
  21. Critically evaluate dd of failing vision in elderly pt (MAY 2009)
  22. Detail your exam and mx in a case of anisocoria (dec 2007)
  23. Clinical feature and mx of ocular migraine
  24. Drug induced optic neuropathies
  25. Discuss 3rd nv palsy (MAY 2010)
  26. Anatomy of 3rd , 4th, 6th cranial nv
  27. Discuss clinical features and mx of toxic amblyopia’ may 2011

Squint

  1. Describe diff protocols for Tt of cong esotropia
  2. Sup oblique
  3. Worth 4 dot test
  4. Describe inv & mx of esotropia in 1yr child
  5. Method & siginificance of bagolini’s striated glasses test
  6. Etiology, diag, mx of sup oblique overaction
  7. Kestenbaum Anderson procedure
  8. Annulus of zinn
  9. Lat rectus resection
  10. Functional anatomy of ext oc muscles, with a note on their dev
  11. Describe briefly origins, insertions, and action of extraocular muscles/(functional anatomy, development) and discuss the functional basis of various restrictive squint ( MAY 2007)**
  12. Esotropia in 5yr old
  13. Comprehensive assessment of binocular vision (dec 2005)
  14. Anatomical & physiological basis of binocular vision (MAY 2007)
  15. Briefly discuss binocular vision (MAY 2009)
  16. Surgical options for nystagmus and their outcome**(dec 2005)
  17. Microtropia**(dec 2005)
  18. Dissociated vertical deviation
  19. Non surgical mx of esotropia ( MAY 2007)
  20. Applied anatomy of 3rd cranial nv ncl** ( MAY 2007)
  21. Mx of vertical diplopia (MAY 2009)
  22. Faden operation ( MAY 2007)
  23. Botulinum toxin in ophthal** (MAY 2007) (dec 2005)
  24. Discuss amblyopia, & recent trends in mx(DEC 2007)
  25. Infantile esotropia (dec 2005)
  26. Adjustable sutures in squint sx (dec 2005)
  27. What are the sensory adaptations in strabismus & their clinical significance (dec 2009)
  28. Vision assessment in child
  29. Evaluate various transposition sx in strabismus’ may 2011

Uvea

  1. Discuss various ophthalmic manifestations of hansen’s ds
  2. Describe etiopathogenesis of intermediate uveitis & its mx
  3. Uveitis – types, aetiologies, recent advances in mx
  4. intermediate uveitis 
  5. Describe briefly : white dot synd
  6. Heterochromic iridocyclitis
  7. Short note on : white iritis 
  8. Coloboma of uveal tract
  9. Investigative profile in uveitis
  10. Classify uveitis, describe clinical features of intermediate uveitis & its mx
  11. Still’s disease
  12. Surgical mx of complications of uveitis (dec 2005)
  13. Dd , mx of bilateral panuveitis ( MAY 2007)
  14. Scleritis
  15. Presentation, inv, mx of paediatric uveitis’ 2011
  16. Classify uveitis, enumerating the role of various investigations with respect to mx modalities (MAY 2010)

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