Cornea DNB Questions

 Conjunctivitis

1. Classification of conjunctivitis and its management.

2. ***Clinical features, pathogenesis, differential diagnosis and management of a case of viral conjunctivitis. (2+2+2+4) 

Trachoma

1. Describe clinical and laboratory diagnosis of trachoma. Discuss its management, complications and prophylaxis. What is SAFE strategy? 4+(2+2+1)+1 

Pterygium

1. Describe indications and methods of pterygium surgery. How to prevent recurrence? 

2. **Surgical technique of pterygium excision 

3. ***Describe modern management of Pterygium to prevent its recurrence. 

4. ****Discuss the causes and presentation of pterygium. How will you manage it? 

Keratoconjunctivitis

1. Write down clinical picture and management of epidemic keratoconjunctivitis. 

2. **Epidemic keratoconjuctivitis; etiology, management and sequelae. 

3. **Describe the pathophysiology of vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) correlating with clinical picture and rationale of treatment. 4+3+3 

4. Classify allergic conjunctivitis. Discuss the pathogenesis, clinical features and treatment options in vernal kerato-conjunctivitis. (2+2+3+3) 

5. ***Describe clinical features, pathology and treatment of vernal conjunctivitis. 

Examiantion

1. Method of examination of cornea. 

Ulcer

1. Give clinical picture, complications and management of fungal corneal ulcer. 

2. **Management of corneal ulcer. 

3. Management of perforated corneal ulcer following bacterial keratitis. 

4. Different clinical features of corneal ulcer due to bacterial, fungal or viral in a tabular fashion. Name two pathogens.   7 + 3

5. Describe different types of recurrent corneal erosions. Give an outline of their treatment. 

6. Discuss differential diagnosis of peripheral ulcerative keratitis. Briefly outline the workup in a patient with peripheral ulcerative keratitis. (7+3) 

7. Describe clinical features, laboratory diagnosis, prevention and management of acanthamoeba keratitis. 

8. ***Classify fungal infections of the eye. Discuss in brief the presentation, diagnosis and specific management of fungal keratitis. 

9. **Discuss the clinical features, diagnosis and management of acanthamoeba keratitis.

10. ***a) Clinical features and causative organisms of a case of bacterial corneal ulcer. 

b) How will you investigate such a case? [(3+2) +5]

Keratoconus

1. Describe the recent methods for the treatment of keratoconus. 

2. ****Management of keratoconus. 

3. ****Enumerate methods to prevent and treat keratoconus, giving indications of each method. 

4. ****Give principle of keratometry. What are the types of keratometers and basic difference between them? Give typical keratometric features in keratoconus. 4+3+3 

5. *****Describe the corneal topography findings in keratoconus. How do you grade the severity of keratonous? (10) 

Drugs

1. Write down factors facilitating penetration of drugs through cornea. 

2. **Write down factors affecting drug penetration through cornea. 

3. ***Describe the barriers to drug penetration in the cornea. Define partition coefficient. Discuss the various factors affecting drug penetration through the cornea. 4+2+4 

4. ****Describe the barriers to drug penetration in the cornea. What is partition coefficient? Describe various factors affecting drug penetration with respect to drug formulation and corneal anatomy. (4+2+4) 

Refractive Surgery

1. Enumerate the complications of LASIK surgery in a myope of -8 D spherical in both eyes. 

2. What are Intacs and the potential complications of Intacs. Also name refractive surgery procedures for hyperopia. 2+6+2 

3. Indications, contraindications and complications of phakic IOL in the management of high myiopia. 

4. **What are the commonly used phakic IOL in refractive surgery? What material are they made of? What are the indications of these lenses? 

5. What are femtosecond LASERs ? What are the current indications of femtosecond LASER in corneal refractive surgery? What is opaque bubble LASER? 3+5+2 

6. What are the different effects of keratorefractive surgery? Give short description of each.  10

7. ***Describe in detail complications of blade-based LASIK. Classify them as vision-threatening and non-vision threatening in your description. 5+5 

8. ***a) What are the commonly used Phakic IOLs? 

b) What are their indications? 

C) How does one calculate their power and size?

Dry Eye

1. Classification of management of dry eye. 

2. Give management of severe dry eye in a case of steven Johnson syndrome. 

3. Draw labeled diagram of tear film. What is neuronal reflex arc and its relevance to development of new modality in the treatment of dry eye? (5+3+2) 

4. How do you diagnose severe ocular surface disease? Discuss causes and management of these entities, when existing in unilateral and bilateral manner. 3+(3+4) 

5. **a) Classify various ocular lubricating agents used in the management of dry eye disease. 

b) What is the role of preservatives used in them? 

c) What are the various types of preservatives used in lubricating agents?

       6.  Causes, clinical features, special investigations and management in a case of Sjogren’s  

           syndrome. (2+2+3+3) 

Dystropy

1. Describe latest classification of corneal dystrophies. Describe clinical features of three major corneal stromal dystrophies. How do you treat recurrent erosions by them? 3+(2×3)+1 

2. **Discuss the components of tear film and functions of each layer. Give Lemp’s classification of dry eye syndrome. 

3. **Classy corneal dystrophies. Describe the histropathological changes of stromal dystrophies and specific stains used in each. 

4. ***Enumerate the “stromal corneal dystrophies”, their pathology, clinical features and management. (2+2+2+4) 

Trauma

1. Basic techniques of managing corneoscleral injury with vitreous prolapse. 

2. **Management of corneoscleral perforation with iris prolapses in a 5 year old child after injury with bow and arrow during diwali. 

3. ***Management of penetrating ocular injury. 

4. Classify globe injuries and describe the injuries in the anterior segment after a closed globe injury. 10 

5. ***Describe with diagram the management of a 22 year old patient presenting with corneoscleral perforation after road traffic accident 2 hours back. 

6. ****A patient who sustained corneoscleral perforation in road traffic accident was admitted and repair was done. 3 days after the surgery he complained of photophobia and blurry vision in other eye. What in your diagnosis? How will you manage it? What are the histopathological findings expected in this case? 

Tumors

1. Describe the etiopathogenesis and histopathology of ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN). Write briefly on the use of anti-metabolites in the management of OSSN. 

Burns

1. Write down acute management of alkali burns. 

2. **Discuss clinical features, complications and management of ocular alkali burns. (3+2+5) 

3. ***Give different classifications of chemical injuries of eye with their prognostic significance. Give basic outline in the management of moderate to severe chemical injury in acute and late reparative phase. 5+5 

Miscellaneous

1. Enumerate the conditions associated with corneal neovascularization. Briefly discuss the mechanism and various treatment modalities with their rationale of treatment in the management of this condition. 3+3+4 

2. What is Scheimpflug's principle? How is it useful in Ophthalmology? Name the appliance which uses this principle. 4+4+2 

Keratoplasty

1. Write down the methods of prevention and management of pseudophakic bullous keratopathy.

2. Clinical features and management of acute graft rejection. 

3. What are the indications of DALK and enumerate various methods to do it. 

4. Describe the different types of lamellar keratoplasty procedures and two indications of each. 10

5. **Write immunological aspect, clinical features, risk factors and management of corneal graft rejection. (3+2+3+2) 

6. Write a note on “ Kerato-prosthesis”? (10) 

7. Discuss indications, surgical procedure, complications and advances in endothelial keratoplasty. 

8. **What is conductive Keratoplasty? What is the mechanism, indications, advantages and disadvantages of conductive keratoplasty? 

9. **Indications, advantages, disadvantages and long term results of Descemet’s stripping endothelial Keratoplasty. (2+3+3+2) 

10. **a) What is pseudophakic bullous keratopathy? 

b) Etiopathogenesis, clinical features and management of pseudophakic bullous 

keratopathy. 

(1+2+3+4)

Eye Bank

1. Give ideal requirements for setting of eye bank. What are the functions of eye bank? Mention the various medias with their constituents for cornea preservation. 

2. **a) Enumerate the various short term and intermediate term methods for corneal preservation. 

b) What are their main constituents? 

c) Advantages and disadvantages of these media. (4+3+3)